Chalk and Compass

Learning Objectives

• Explain how axial forces (tension and compression) form in truss members
• Describe how joints transfer loads to create efficient load distribution
• Compare common truss geometries and predict where members carry tension or compression+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how tensile force creates stress in cables, ties, and connectors.
• Identify key material ideas: tensile strength, yield, ductility, and typical failure modes.
• Explain how anchor design, corrosion, and fatigue affect long-span tension members.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how viscosity describes how resistant a liquid is to flowing
• Connect cohesive forces and shear forces to different flow rates in liquids
• Predict how temperature affects viscosity and flow in simple examples+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe solubility as how much solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution
• Compare unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions using observable clues
• Explain how temperature and agitation can change solubility for different substances+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how filtration, decanting, evaporation, and crystallization use physical properties to separate mixture components.
• Describe how magnetic separation, chromatography, and distillation separate substances using different particle behaviors.
• Choose the most suitable separation method for a given mixture based on solubility, volatility, solute size, or magnetic response.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how mass, volume, temperature, and qualitative viscosity indicators are measured and recorded.
• Use consistent units and instrument conventions to compare properties of solids and liquids.
• Explain how repeat measurements and uncertainty affect the reliability of results.

Learning Objectives

• Define physical changes as changes in form or state that do not produce new substances
• Identify signs of physical changes such as melting, cutting, crushing, and phase changes
• Explain how mass and observable properties (appearance and texture) help show that chemical identity stays the same

Learning Objectives

• Explain phase changes using particle behavior and kinetic energy changes
• Describe how intermolecular forces affect melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation
• Connect heating and cooling to reversible physical changes

Learning Objectives

• Classify mixtures as homogeneous solutions, heterogeneous suspensions, or colloids based on uniformity and particle behavior
• Use evidence such as settling and light scattering to distinguish mixture types
• Select an appropriate separation approach for a given mixture scenario

Learning Objectives

• Compare solids and liquids using observable properties such as shape and volume
• Explain how particle arrangement and motion relate to macroscopic behavior
• Identify and use correct science vocabulary for matter properties

Learning Objectives

• Define density as mass per unit volume and explain how it helps identify materials.
• Use mass and volume measurements to compare densities of different objects.
• Predict whether an object will sink or float based on relative density.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify how measured and observed properties help classify materials as solids or liquids.
• Use property values (such as density and solubility) to group materials with reproducible criteria.
• Explain why using more than one property can make classification more reliable, especially for ambiguous cases.

Learning Objectives

• Identify observable evidence that a chemical change has formed new substances
• Differentiate chemical changes from physical changes using signs such as gas production, precipitates, and persistent color changes
• Explain how energy changes can happen during chemical reactions

Learning Objectives

• Identify key parts of major human organ systems and describe how their structures support their functions
• Explain how the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems work together at a high level
• Use evidence from a short passage to answer questions about system interactions and processes

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the lungs and circulatory system work together to deliver oxygen to tissues.
• Describe how the digestive system and circulatory system cooperate to deliver nutrients to cells.
• Model how the circulatory system delivers substances to the kidneys for filtration and waste removal.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how the body responds to injury and infection using inflammation and fever
• Explain how stress on organs can change homeostasis, including breathing and kidney filtration
• Identify compensations such as faster heart rate, fluid redistribution, and immune activation

Learning Objectives

• Identify major parts of the upper and lower respiratory system and describe their roles.
• Explain how pressure changes in the chest help move air in and out of the lungs.
• Describe how oxygen enters the blood and how carbon dioxide leaves using diffusion at the alveoli.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how negative feedback helps keep internal conditions stable.
• Describe how the nervous and endocrine systems make short-term and longer-term adjustments.
• Connect chemoreceptor signaling to breathing and blood pH changes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how balanced nutrition, hydration, and sleep support organ system functions.
• Identify how aerobic activity affects the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
• Use evidence-based examples to prevent common health problems.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the kidneys filter blood and form urine using glomeruli and renal tubules.
• Describe the roles of ureters and the bladder in urine transport and storage.
• Connect selective reabsorption and secretion to removing wastes and balancing ions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe the path food takes through the digestive system, from the oral cavity to the large intestine
• Explain mechanical and chemical digestion, including the roles of enzymes and stomach acid
• Connect how villi and microvilli increase surface area for nutrient absorption+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify major heart parts, including chambers and valves that guide one-way blood flow
• Compare arteries, veins, and capillaries by their wall structure and function
• Describe how blood components help with transport, immunity, and clotting+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how cells, tissues, and organs are organized in the body
• Explain how specialized tissue structure helps an organ perform a specific function
• Identify examples of specialized tissues such as nerve, epithelial, and cardiac muscle tissues

Learning Objectives

• Explain how conduction, convection, and radiation move heat and where thermal energy flows in each case.
• Describe how building materials and design choices (insulation, double glazing, weather stripping, curtains) reduce unwanted heat transfer.
• Identify practical household strategies that help buildings keep warmth in winter and stay cooler in summer.