Grade 12 Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain how carrying capacity sets an upper limit on population size in an ecosystem.
• Describe how resource availability affects birth rates, death rates, and population growth.
• Use simple mathematical ideas to connect assumptions about births, deaths, and limits to population outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain energy efficiency using the idea of useful output energy versus total input energy.
• Identify common energy losses and describe how they limit performance in real devices.
• Use energy-flow models to reason about why no process can convert all input energy into useful work.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how reflection, refraction, interference, and absorption affect electromagnetic radiation in devices
• Use wave properties (such as wavelength) to predict effects on detection and image resolution
• Describe how design choices in optical sensors and communication systems influence what information can be measured

Learning Objectives

• Explain how rock layering and fossil evidence create a relative timeline of Earth’s history.
• Describe how radiometric dating uses isotopes to estimate absolute ages of rocks.
• Compare relative dating and absolute dating and interpret what they reveal about Earth system changes over time.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how tectonic activity, mountain building, earthquakes, and volcanism show energy flow and material cycling in Earth’s interior over geologic time.
• Describe how surface processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition reshape landforms and contribute to the rock record.
• Use the idea that present-day Earth features are linked to past events to interpret rates and likely outcomes of change.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how radioactive decay can be used to estimate absolute ages of rocks and other materials.
• Connect half-life, parent isotope remaining fraction, and daughter product amount to decay dating calculations.
• Evaluate the assumptions and limitations of radioactive dating compared with relative dating.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how net force toward the center produces centripetal acceleration in circular motion
• Use centripetal acceleration and force relationships to compare how changes in radius or speed affect required inward force
• Apply concepts of gravity, orbits, and rotating motion to determine the source of centripetal force

Learning Objectives

• Explain how reaction rate depends on collision frequency and collision effectiveness.
• Describe how concentration, temperature, and physical form (surface area) affect reaction rate.
• Use the activation energy concept to predict whether collisions will produce products.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how a star’s mass influences internal pressure, fusion rate, and lifespan.
• Describe the major stages of stellar evolution from formation to main sequence and later end states.
• Use patterns in the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram concept to support ideas about star temperature and luminosity.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific claims rely on empirical evidence and logical reasoning.
• Distinguish evidence-based explanations from opinions that are not supported by data.
• Evaluate how mechanisms and predictions connect to evidence in scientific arguments.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how signalling pathways, transcription factors, and noncoding RNAs work together to regulate gene expression.
• Describe how epigenetic marks (DNA methylation and histone modifications) can change chromatin accessibility and long-term gene expression.
• Apply regulatory-network concepts to environmental stress and immune regulation in real organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Apply Newton’s three laws to predict motion when multiple forces act on an object.
• Compute net force and acceleration, including friction and drag, using quantitative relationships.
• Interpret and use free-body diagrams to model terrestrial and wind-related dynamics.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how multiple lines of evidence support common descent and evolutionary change
• Describe how fossil records, comparative anatomy, biogeographical patterns, and genetic data inform evolutionary relationships
• Use evidence-based reasoning to connect patterns in data to the process of evolution

Learning Objectives

• Explain how cells regulate gene expression beyond the basic DNA-to-protein process
• Describe the roles of transcription factors and regulatory DNA regions in controlling transcription
• Compare different post-transcription regulatory mechanisms such as RNA processing and RNA regulation

Learning Objectives

• Assess how Alberta’s geography affects renewable resource availability for wind, solar, and bioenergy.
• Explain how intermittency can be managed using storage and system integration strategies.
• Compare renewable technologies using lifecycle metrics such as energy payback time and greenhouse-gas balance.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how centripetal acceleration and centripetal force relate to tangential speed and radius in circular motion.
• Use angular velocity and period to analyze uniform and non-uniform rotation in real systems.
• Apply equations for circular motion to predict changes in speed and design implications for safety.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how adaptations can improve survival in one environment while causing tradeoffs in another.
• Analyze how resource availability and predation pressure influence which traits increase fitness.
• Use examples such as color morphs and camouflage to connect environmental context to population success.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how stratigraphy and cross-cutting relationships support relative dating of geologic events.
• Describe how unconformities indicate missing time in the rock record and why they matter.
• Use fossil succession to infer relative ages and changes in past environments.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genetic information in DNA is used to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) through transcription and proteins through translation
• Describe the roles of codons, ribosomes, and amino acids in building a polypeptide
• Connect changes in gene expression or DNA sequence to observable cell functions and traits

Learning Objectives

• Explain how models connect inputs to outputs when geometry, time, materials, power, or cost are constrained.
• Evaluate assumptions and measurement uncertainty in decision-making using a modeling framework.
• Use simplified physics-based relationships and tolerances to predict performance and reliability.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can change allele frequencies over time.
• Compare the conditions under which genetic drift is most likely to cause random allele loss or fixation.
• Describe how gene flow can reduce differences between populations and influence patterns of relatedness.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how iterative design cycles use criteria, constraints, and evidence to refine a prototype
• Describe how comparisons between expected and observed results guide design decisions
• Apply iterative reasoning to a real engineering scenario involving trade-offs

Learning Objectives

• Explain how predation, competition, mutualism, and parasitism affect population sizes in an ecosystem
• Describe how energy moves through trophic levels and how food webs connect interactions
• Predict how changes in one population can cascade to other species in a community+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific inquiry uses questions, observations, measurements, and logical reasoning to support claims with evidence.
• Evaluate whether a claim is supported by data and whether alternative explanations have been considered.
• Use evidence to identify patterns and justify conclusions that can be independently tested.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy is conserved during heating and cooling by tracing transfers between a system and its surroundings
• Use calorimetry reasoning with temperature change and heat capacity to set up a heat gained/lost balance
• Differentiate energy flow in physical versus chemical processes using the same conservation framework

Learning Objectives

• Explain how plate motion, internal heat, and erosion shape Earth’s geologic evolution using evidence and models.
• Differentiate convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries based on typical geologic and earthquake-related features.
• Use evidence such as matching rock ages and magnetic patterns to support plate tectonics models.

Learning Objectives

• Explain what reaction yield means and distinguish it from reaction rate and extent of reaction.
• Predict how changes in conditions (like temperature and concentration) can affect product formation and limiting reactants.
• Connect microscopic collision behavior and stoichiometry to whether a reaction produces a high or low amount of product.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how reaction rate depends on collision frequency and effective collisions.
• Connect changes in reactant concentration, temperature, and surface area to microscopic collision statistics.
• Use collision-and-energy ideas to predict how experimental conditions affect product formation rates.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how engineering teams match material properties to functional requirements and operating conditions.
• Evaluate common failure risks (fatigue, corrosion, and environmental degradation) when selecting materials.
• Compare materials such as aluminum, steel, and polymer composites using criteria like strength, toughness, thermal conductivity, and durability.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how protoplanetary disks and accretion contribute to Solar System formation.
• Describe how planetary differentiation and comparative planetology help interpret composition and atmospheres.
• Connect observational evidence (spectroscopy, orbital parameters, and samples) to solar nebula models and planetary diversity.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use chemical equations to represent chemical change and balance them using the law of conservation of mass
• Identify and classify common reaction types (synthesis, decomposition, single and double replacement, combustion)
• Apply stoichiometric coefficients and mole ratios to make quantitative relationships between reactants and products+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how different climate models represent energy flow, radiation, convection, and circulation in planetary atmospheres.
• Interpret how parameterizations (e.g., radiative transfer, clouds, and ocean–atmosphere coupling) affect model outputs.
• Evaluate how model validation uses paleoclimate proxies, instrumental records, and sensitivity experiments to estimate uncertainty in projections.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the stages of scientific inquiry from observation to conclusion using clear scientific language.
• Formulate and test a hypothesis by controlling variables and using operational definitions for measurements.
• Evaluate validity and reproducibility by applying measurement protocols and peer review practices.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how governance mechanisms such as environmental impact assessments and technology standards influence scientific and technological development.
• Describe how risk assessment and interagency coordination improve oversight, accountability, and public trust.
• Apply scenario analysis and foresight methods to evaluate policy choices under uncertainty.

Learning Objectives

• Construct conceptual and quantitative models to represent real systems and identify key variables and parameters.
• Estimate parameters, validate model outputs against empirical data, and refine model structure to improve predictive performance.
• Compare deterministic and stochastic modeling approaches, and use dimensional analysis, scaling, and sensitivity testing to assess robustness.

Learning Objectives

• Compare how impact processes and endogenic activity shape the surfaces of terrestrial planets and icy bodies.
• Explain how internal structure and thermal evolution are inferred from cratering, volcanic, tectonic, and erosion evidence.
• Interpret remote sensing and in situ observations as data used to reconstruct planetary geologic histories.

Learning Objectives

• Select appropriate independent and dependent measures for experimental questions and explain why each matters for inference.
• Describe how control strategies, replication, randomization, and blocking reduce bias and improve validity.
• Plan an analysis using appropriate statistical tests (e.g., ANOVA vs. regression), including assumptions and limits on causal claims and generalizability.

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish precision and accuracy, and explain the roles of random and systematic error in measurements.
• Calculate and interpret uncertainty bounds using measurement resolution, calibration ideas, and significant figures.
• Propagate uncertainty through common physics/chemistry calculations and report results using appropriate notation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mitosis and meiosis produce different chromosome outcomes and support different biological roles
• Describe how chromosome segregation, homologous recombination, and cell-cycle checkpoints maintain genomic integrity
• Interpret karyotypes and nondisjunction consequences to predict changes in inheritance and phenotype

Learning Objectives

• Explain how empirical evidence and institutional structures influence whether scientific innovations are adopted by society
• Analyze how economic forces and public perception affect the diffusion of scientific and technological developments
• Evaluate how unintended consequences and policy responses shape long-term outcomes of scientific change

Learning Objectives

• Explain how atmospheric composition, pressure gradients, and thermal structure drive large-scale circulation patterns.
• Use the Coriolis force and cell/jet/frontal concepts (Hadley and Ferrel cells, jet streams, fronts) to interpret weather regimes.
• Connect atmospheric stability, lapse rates, and radiative heating to short-term variability and longer-term climate patterns.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific discoveries move from research settings to real-world technologies through translational steps
• Identify the roles of intellectual property, technology transfer offices, funding, and industry partnerships in commercialization
• Analyze how regulatory constraints and scaling challenges affect whether innovations reach the market+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the concepts of centripetal acceleration and tangential speed in uniform and non-uniform circular motion.
• Apply mathematical relations involving angular velocity, period, and centripetal force to analyze the stability of rotating systems.
• Assess real-world applications of circular motion such as vehicle dynamics on banked curves and rotational forces in turbines.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics in the context of chemical systems.
• Predict spontaneity and direction of reactions using Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy.
• Analyze energy flow in processes like combustion and electrochemical reactions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Analyze human land-use changes and their effects on ecosystems.
• Evaluate the pathways through which industrial emissions contribute to pollution.
• Assess the impact of urbanization on air, water, and soil quality.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the role of cytoskeletal networks, membrane interactions, and intercellular junctions in maintaining cell shape and function.
• Describe the molecular motors and filament dynamics involved in cellular structural support and transport.
• Analyze how physical cellular architecture contributes to resilience, motility, and intracellular trafficking using microscopy and force measurement models.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand different types of measurement errors and their sources.
• Apply principles of calibration and propagation of uncertainty in quantitative analysis.
• Interpret significance of error analysis in scientific measurements.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand key principles of experimental design including control, replication, and randomization.
• Identify appropriate statistical methods for analyzing experimental data.
• Evaluate the importance of sample size, power, and effect size in research planning.+ Show more