Grade 12 Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genes located on chromosomes influence inherited traits.
• Describe how chromosome behavior during cell division supports the transmission of genetic information.
• Use evidence from gene and chromosome structure to interpret patterns of inheritance and variation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genetic information in DNA is used to produce messenger RNA (transcription).
• Describe how ribosomes translate mRNA codons into a polypeptide using tRNA and amino acids.
• Connect changes in the DNA sequence to possible effects on protein function and traits.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how laminar and turbulent flow relate to river hazards, sediment transport, and pollutant dispersion
• Apply continuity and Bernoulli’s relationships to predict qualitative changes in pressure and velocity in natural systems
• Use scaling arguments and dimensional analysis to connect laboratory measurements to field-scale fluid motion in Alberta

Learning Objectives

• Explain how electromagnetic waves travel and how frequency, wavelength, and energy are related across the spectrum
• Use quantitative relationships to analyze wave properties (e.g., wavelength–frequency–energy) for communication scenarios
• Apply Maxwellian ideas to describe how changing electric and magnetic fields support wave propagation+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how momentum conservation applies to systems with changing mass (ejecting or accreting propellant).
• Relate exhaust velocity, mass flow rate, and acceleration in qualitative rocket-thrust reasoning.
• Use the idea of momentum exchange to predict the direction of thrust when mass leaves or enters a system.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how albedo changes the amount of solar energy reflected back into space
• Analyze how ice cover changes can create warming or cooling feedback loops
• Evaluate how clouds and atmospheric conditions alter the energy reaching Earth’s surface+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use confidence intervals and uncertainty language to interpret environmental and public health data.
• Evaluate hypotheses using evidence and justify conclusions with statistical reasoning.
• Analyze how measurement error and uncertainty can affect model-based decisions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how fossil, comparative anatomy, biogeography, and genetic evidence support common descent and evolutionary change
• Analyze how patterns across different evidence sources strengthen scientific explanations of evolution
• Use vocabulary such as homologous structures, analogous structures, and phylogenetic trees to describe evolutionary relationships

Learning Objectives

• Explain how transcription and translation convert genetic information into functional proteins.
• Describe how promoters, enhancers, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression.
• Interpret how gene regulatory networks contribute to tissue specificity and timing of protein production.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how erosion and weathering reshape Earth’s surface and transport material through different agents (water, wind, ice, gravity).
• Identify how sediment properties and landforms provide evidence for past erosion, transport, and depositional environments.
• Connect layered sediment records and surface patterns (elevation and slope) to deeper geologic processes such as uplift.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks transform through rock-cycle processes.
• Trace how weathering, erosion, transport, deposition, and burial contribute to sedimentary rock formation.
• Describe how heat and pressure drive metamorphism and how melting and crystallization restore igneous rocks.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Predict molecular shape and bond angles using VSEPR electron-domain counting
• Relate molecular shape to hybridization and bonding directionality
• Explain how molecular geometry and symmetry determine polarity and intermolecular interactions+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy from the Sun drives interacting processes in the atmosphere, oceans, land, and ice
• Describe positive and negative feedbacks in Earth’s climate system and give real examples
• Evaluate how feedbacks can shift the likelihood of droughts, heavy precipitation, and heat waves

Learning Objectives

• Explain the photoelectric effect using photon energy, work function, and maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons.
• Interpret experimental results using threshold frequency and stopping potential.
• Relate photon flux to photoelectric current and distinguish it from kinetic energy effects.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how weathering, erosion, transport, and deposition interact to shape landscapes and create sedimentary records.
• Use process-response thinking (climate, vegetation, tectonics) to predict changes in surface-change rates.
• Interpret sediment budgets and link them to channel profile behavior and depositional environments.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gravitational and electric fields assign force per unit mass or charge at each point in space.
• Interpret field lines, including how direction and line density relate to field strength.
• Apply the superposition principle to determine net field from multiple sources.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain interference using phase differences and amplitude relationships in wave superposition
• Determine conditions for constructive and destructive interference and relate them to resultant amplitude
• Analyze standing wave patterns (nodes and antinodes) using wavelength and boundary conditions+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the Bill of Rights and later amendments protect civil liberties such as speech, religion, and due process.
• Analyze how Supreme Court decisions shape the meaning of civil liberties over time.
• Evaluate how courts balance individual rights against government interests and public safety.

Learning Objectives

• Analyze how specific quotations, details, or data support an analytical claim in a text
• Match evidence to the point being argued and explain reasoning beyond summary
• Integrate evidence smoothly using citation and interpretation to maintain clarity and credibility

Learning Objectives

• Explain how nucleic acid amplification (e.g., PCR) and sequencing generate measurable biological data.
• Interpret how sequencing read mappings and expression profiles support or limit conclusions about genetic function.
• Compare genome modification approaches (conceptually) and describe evidence criteria for linking edits to outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Compare welfare state models and explain how program design affects poverty reduction and labour incentives.
• Analyze the cause-and-consequence relationship between welfare policies, taxation, and social inclusion.
• Evaluate targeted versus universal approaches and predict their likely social impacts.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how slow processes (weathering, erosion, deposition, and tectonics) build the geologic record over immense timescales.
• Compare catastrophic events (large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions) with gradual processes in how they reshape landscapes and rocks.
• Use evidence from landforms and rock layers to infer relative timing and possible process rates.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how collision frequency and collision energy affect reaction rates.
• Relate changes in concentration, temperature, and physical state/surface area to observed rate trends.
• Use activation energy to justify why some collisions produce products and others do not.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish summary from evidence-based analysis by linking specific details to an interpretive claim
• Integrate quotations, paraphrases, or data smoothly and explain how each piece of evidence supports the claim
• Use reasoning that goes beyond what the text says to show patterns, implications, and relationships+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how matter cycles through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere using water and carbon as examples.
• Analyze how energy transfer and matter movement are linked in Earth system processes.
• Evaluate cause-and-effect relationships between cycle changes and observable impacts such as weathering rates or atmospheric gas levels.

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish between precision and accuracy and identify random vs. systematic sources of measurement error
• Apply significant figures and instrument resolution to determine uncertainty bounds
• Calculate and interpret uncertainty propagation in multi-step measurements+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific and technological decisions create societal tradeoffs involving benefits, harms, and distributional effects
• Analyze real-world examples (energy transitions, vaccine distribution, and data privacy) to identify equity, public health, and environmental justice concerns
• Evaluate how governance frameworks, cost-benefit reasoning, and risk perception influence policy priorities

Learning Objectives

• Understand the principles of radiometric dating and how decay rates are used to determine the age of rocks and minerals.
• Identify different radiometric dating methods such as uranium–lead, potassium–argon, and carbon-14, and their applications.
• Explain concepts like half-life, closure temperature, and isotope systematics in the context of geological dating.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how ATP and NADPH/NADH are generated through electron transport chains and chemiosmosis in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways, including differences in ATP yield and the role of oxygen.
• Connect major metabolic pathways (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Calvin cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) to show how matter and energy move through cells.

Learning Objectives

• Evaluate scientific claims by identifying the role of empirical evidence and transparency.
• Distinguish strong scientific reasoning from weak arguments, bias, and overgeneralization.
• Explain how peer evaluation and replication increase confidence in results.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how greenhouse gases and aerosols influence Earth’s radiative balance and climate forcing.
• Interpret atmospheric concentration time series and connect them to sources and sinks.
• Describe key stratospheric ozone chemistry processes and how they relate to air quality and UV radiation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how citation ethics supports attribution, data provenance, and authorship integrity in science.
• Identify best practices for using persistent identifiers, metadata standards, and data repositories to enable reproducibility.
• Describe responsibilities for reporting negative results and handling sensitive data without compromising validation and transparency.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Deliver an oral scientific presentation with a clear hypothesis, method overview, evidence-based results, and defensible conclusions.
• Apply slide and timing norms by matching visuals to claims and keeping explanations concise and interpretable.
• Interpret data during question exchanges using precise technical terminology and transparent reasoning.

Learning Objectives

• Define and justify measurable design optimization metrics under real engineering constraints.
• Evaluate how multiple performance criteria (e.g., mass, energy output, drag, noise) trade off in optimization.
• Explain how design margins maintain acceptable performance across changing conditions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how sensor selection, calibration, and quality control affect measurement accuracy
• Analyze how sampling rate and aliasing influence data acquisition of time-varying signals
• Evaluate how resolution limits, uncertainty budgets, and signal processing affect overall measurement validity+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Select appropriate graph types (scatter plots, histograms, boxplots, and time-series) based on the variables and the questions being tested.
• Construct accurate visuals by using proper axis scaling, clear labels/units, and ethically displaying uncertainty (error bars and confidence intervals).
• Evaluate how visual choices (log scales, color schemes, annotations, and captions) affect interpretation and the strength of conclusions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how iterative design cycles compare outcomes to criteria and constraints to improve solutions
• Use evidence from testing to make evidence-based design decisions instead of relying on initial assumptions
• Identify trade-offs in engineering designs using examples such as a leak-resistant sports bottle lid

Learning Objectives

• Interpret scientific graphs by correctly reading axes, scales, and units
• Use graph features (slope, intercept, and curvature) to connect visual patterns to scientific claims
• Distinguish meaningful trends from random scatter and recognize misleading graph conventions

Learning Objectives

• Define and explain torque, moment of inertia, and angular momentum in rigid bodies.
• Develop and understand equations linking net torque to angular acceleration.
• Analyze energy transfer between translational and rotational modes in rolling and compound systems.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the processes of energy transfer through heating and work.
• Describe how thermodynamic variables relate to observable effects like expansion and phase change.
• Analyze how energy transfer mechanisms affect temperature changes under different conditions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how routine writing supports clarity, control, and growth across short and extended time frames.
• Apply the drafting cycle (research, reflection, revision, and editing) to improve claims, explanations, and narratives.
• Revise writing for structure, evidence integration, and precise language aligned to the purpose.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the different types of intermolecular forces: dispersion, dipole–dipole, and hydrogen bonding.
• Describe how molecular size, shape, and polarity influence intermolecular interactions.
• Relate the strength of intermolecular forces to macroscopic properties such as boiling point, vapor pressure, viscosity, and solubility.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how electromagnetic radiation transmits information through digitized signals.
• Identify the properties of signals that encode information, such as frequency and variation.
• Explain the physics principles that allow electromagnetic waves to carry information across distances.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how quantitative models like Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium describe genetic stability and change.
• Analyze the impact of mutation, selection, drift, and recombination on allele frequencies.
• Interpret fitness landscapes and allele frequency trajectories in evolutionary contexts.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the key periodic trends such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity.
• Interpret how these trends vary across periods and down groups in the periodic table.
• Apply knowledge of periodic trends to predict element reactivity and properties in real-world applications.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand key principles of environmental monitoring network design and indicator selection.
• Identify factors influencing data quality and temporal resolution in environmental assessments.
• Analyze criteria for representative sampling, sensor placement, and data management practices.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the concept of energy changes during chemical reactions and how heat transfer is measured.
• Identify and categorize reactions as exothermic or endothermic based on energy flow.
• Apply calorimetric concepts and specific heat to relate temperature change to energy transfer.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the energy exchange between potential and kinetic energy in oscillatory systems.
• Describe the effects of amplitude and damping on the energy of oscillators.
• Apply mathematical models to analyze simple harmonic motion and energy dissipation.+ Show more