Grade 9 Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain Newton’s third law using force pairs acting on different objects.
• Identify action–reaction forces in real scenarios such as recoil and collisions.
• Connect paired forces to changes in momentum for each object.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the relationship between impulse, net force, and the change in momentum over a time interval
• Use impulse-momentum ideas to predict how changing force duration affects stopping and peak forces
• Determine momentum change direction using the sign/direction of impulse+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how light can be modeled as a wave and as a particle, depending on the phenomenon.
• Use the photoelectric effect concept to connect light frequency with electron emission.
• Interpret and apply wave ideas such as interference, diffraction, and polarization to real observations.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how nuclear fission and nuclear fusion change atomic nuclei and release or absorb energy.
• Describe how binding energy and mass-energy equivalence relate to energy outcomes in nuclear reactions.
• Connect ionizing radiation to why nuclear reactions require careful control.

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate weather from climate and explain why climate requires long-term observations.
• Describe how Earth’s energy balance and atmospheric composition affect temperature over time.
• Use examples of natural records (ice cores, ocean sediments) to explain how scientists build climate evidence.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how climate models represent Earth’s energy balance and atmospheric circulation.
• Describe how emissions scenarios and feedbacks influence climate projections.
• Evaluate how comparing model outputs with evidence affects confidence and limitations.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genetic variation (alleles and mutations) creates differences in traits within a population.
• Describe how allele frequencies relate to the distribution of traits in the next generation.
• Analyze how natural selection changes allele frequencies over time based on survival and reproduction.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how solar and lunar eclipses occur using the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• Describe how orbital inclination and nodes affect how often eclipses happen and where totality can be seen.
• Use eclipse geometry to make reasoned claims about shadow type (umbra vs. penumbra) and viewing conditions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how plate convergence and continental collision can fold, fault, and uplift Earth’s crust to form mountain ranges.
• Identify key processes involved in orogeny, including thrust faulting, crustal shortening, magmatic intrusion, and isostatic rebound.
• Use evidence from rock types, structures, and timing to interpret tectonic history and past plate motions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate among common science representation models: mathematical formulas, graphs, schematic diagrams, and computational approximations.
• Explain how representational fidelity, parsimony, and predictive scope guide model selection.
• Interpret how mapping model components to measurable observables supports evidence-based evaluation of a claim.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how an iteration loop uses test evidence to improve a design through repeated revisions.
• Describe how design cycle decisions can include changing dimensions, materials, alignment, or component interactions.
• Evaluate reliability and safety considerations that grow more informed after each testing round.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how compound machines combine multiple simple machines to produce an overall mechanical advantage (MA).
• Calculate ideal mechanical advantage using force and displacement relationships (ideal assumptions).
• Differentiate ideal mechanical advantage from actual performance when friction and deformation reduce output.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how a limiting reactant determines the maximum amount of product in a chemical reaction.
• Calculate theoretical yield using balanced mole ratios and molar masses.
• Compare theoretical and actual yield using percent yield, and interpret efficiency.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain gas pressure, volume, and temperature qualitatively using the particle model
• Describe how microscopic particle motion leads to observable changes in pressure and flow
• Use everyday examples (heated air, confined gas, weather balloons, respiration) to connect macroscopic observations to particle collisions and kinetic energy

Learning Objectives

• Select an appropriate graph type (scatterplot, histogram, line graph, residual display) for a given scientific question.
• Construct graphs with correct axis scaling, labeling, and binning choices to support valid interpretation.
• Interpret visual patterns, outliers, trends, and correlation structures, and connect them to model choice.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genetic information in DNA is used to produce proteins through transcription and translation.
• Describe how protein structure influences protein function inside cells.
• Connect changes in DNA (mutations) to changes in proteins and potential effects on genotype and phenotype.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy profiles represent activation energy, transition states, and energy changes during chemical reactions.
• Distinguish exothermic and endothermic reactions using the sign of ΔH.
• Interpret reaction-coordinate diagrams to describe energy flow between a system and its surroundings.

Learning Objectives

• Interpret displacement–time, velocity–time, and acceleration–time graphs using slope and area
• Analyze motion scenarios to determine how changing acceleration appears on curved graph segments
• Use appropriate axis labels and graphing conventions to compare different motion profiles

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s climate is shaped by energy balance and the interaction of Earth system spheres.
• Identify key external and internal drivers of climate variability, including aerosols, greenhouse gases, and ocean circulation.
• Evaluate claims about climate drivers using evidence from scientific reasoning.

Learning Objectives

• Use constant-acceleration equations to relate displacement, time, initial velocity, final velocity, and acceleration.
• Apply an appropriate sign convention to motion problems (e.g., slowing down, falling objects).
• Substitute given values with correct units to predict displacement and velocity outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate heterogeneous mixtures from homogeneous solutions based on uniformity
• Identify and describe the roles of solute, solvent, and concentration in solutions
• Explain how physical properties guide separation methods without chemical change+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use symptom descriptions, circuit topology, and measurement data to infer likely electrical fault types.
• Differentiate between open circuits, short circuits, and component degradation using observable instrument readings.
• Justify diagnostic conclusions using evidence-based reasoning and protection behavior.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the Moon, Sun, and Earth’s orbital motion produce tidal forces
• Describe how spring and neap tides form from the relative alignment of the Moon and Sun
• Analyze how local ocean depth and coastline geometry can change tidal range and current strength+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Evaluate whether an electrical application is safe and effective by comparing device ratings to expected operating conditions.
• Identify appropriate protective measures for common electrical hazards and explain why they reduce risk.
• Assess energy efficiency and environmental impact when selecting or judging an electrical system for a given setting.

Learning Objectives

• Explain that power is the rate of energy transfer and identify common power units.
• Define efficiency as the fraction of input energy converted to useful work.
• Analyze how input power, output power, and energy losses affect performance in real systems.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the basic operating principle of electric motors and generators using electromagnetic concepts
• Identify common motor and generator types and connect performance characteristics to real-world loads
• Distinguish how energy conversion works in motors versus generators

Learning Objectives

• Describe how the particle model explains solids, liquids, and gases using particle spacing and motion
• Use the particle model to explain diffusion, pressure, and changes in temperature
• Relate kinetic energy and particle collisions to observable macroscopic effects

Learning Objectives

• Classify chemical reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, or combustion based on reactant/product patterns.
• Predict likely products by applying reaction-category rules and using the idea that charges and atoms must be conserved.
• Explain how oxidation is involved in combustion and relate reaction categories to electron movement (redox considerations).

Learning Objectives

• Explain how work relates to force and distance in the direction of motion
• Compare simple machines using the ideas of input force, output force, and mechanical advantage
• Evaluate energy trade-offs, including efficiency and the effects of friction

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding using electron interactions
• Predict properties of substances (e.g., melting point, conductivity, structure) based on bonding type
• Explain how bonding influences real-world materials and applications, including those relevant to Alberta

Learning Objectives

• Explain how balancing a chemical equation supports the conservation of mass and atoms
• Use coefficients to balance a chemical equation while keeping subscripts unchanged
• Interpret balanced equations to predict reactant and product proportions

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genes (DNA segments) determine protein structure and function
• Describe transcription and translation as processes that link DNA to protein production
• Interpret how promoter and regulatory elements control gene expression and phenotype+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how fertilization leads to zygote formation and early developmental stages.
• Compare internal and external fertilization using specific ecological examples.
• Describe how temperature, moisture, and habitat quality influence embryonic development and reproductive success.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how asexual reproduction works in processes such as binary fission, budding, spore formation, and vegetative propagation.
• Explain genetic and ecological consequences of producing clones.
• Compare when asexual strategies may be favored versus when sexual reproduction may be favored.

Learning Objectives

• Explain natural selection, including heritable traits, selective pressure, and fitness
• Use Alberta examples to describe how adaptations can improve survival or reproduction
• Compare natural selection with artificial selection and describe how each changes populations over generations+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how net force is determined by vector addition of all forces acting on an object, including direction.
• Predict motion changes (acceleration, deceleration, and equilibrium) from the net force and force direction.
• Apply friction and air resistance as opposing forces to analyze realistic Alberta scenarios.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies can influence atmospheric convection and wind patterns
• Describe ENSO-related teleconnections and how they can affect regional climate
• Use energy-budget and lag-correlation ideas to connect ocean heat content to atmospheric circulation responses

Learning Objectives

• Explain how coupled quantitative models connect variables across the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
• Use model structure and parameter sensitivity to interpret how changes affect multi-variable outcomes.
• Describe how uncertainty propagation (e.g., ensembles) improves the credibility of model projections.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy is transferred in the atmosphere and oceans through radiation, conduction, convection, and phase changes.
• Interpret global energy budget diagrams and flux tables to predict how differential heating drives circulation patterns.
• Connect energy partitioning to observable climate indicators such as surface temperature and sea surface temperature anomalies.

Learning Objectives

• Interpret spatial and temporal climate data to identify trends and anomalies in temperature, precipitation, and drought indices
• Use statistical reasoning concepts (trend vs. internal variability; signal-to-noise) to explain why changes may be hard to detect
• Compare observed climate patterns with plausible forcings (greenhouse gases and volcanic aerosols) to make evidence-based attribution claims+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how allele frequencies change under selection, genetic drift, migration, and mutation.
• Use Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as a null model to predict allele and genotype frequencies in the absence of evolutionary forces.
• Interpret how selection coefficients, effective population size, bottlenecks, and founder effects can shift allele frequencies over time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how enzymes can be regulated to coordinate metabolic pathways (allosteric control, covalent modification, and compartment-specific regulation).
• Describe how feedback inhibition and hormonal signaling shift metabolic flux between catabolism and anabolism.
• Use enzyme kinetics ideas and substrate concentration to predict how pathway rates change under different regulatory conditions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how ATP is produced and used through coupling between catabolic and anabolic reactions
• Compare electron transport chains in photosynthesis and cellular respiration and predict effects on ATP yield
• Use simplified quantitative stoichiometry and energy diagrams to connect molecular processes to cellular energy budgets+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how trophic interactions and feedback loops can produce trophic cascades in ecosystems.
• Use key concepts like resilience, regime shifts, and thresholds to interpret ecosystem change.
• Connect material fluxes (nutrient cycling) and population dynamics to predict recovery after disturbance.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how forces (contact and non-contact) affect motion in everyday Alberta contexts
• Describe how magnitude and direction combine vectorially to determine net force and expected motion
• Use qualitative reasoning about opposing forces to predict motion before numerical calculations

Learning Objectives

• Explain how grounding and overcurrent protection reduce electrical shock and fire risk.
• Interpret common electrical safety labels to identify protective features and installation requirements.
• Describe how insulation, approved equipment, and environmental conditions affect electrical safety in Alberta.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth–Moon–Sun geometry produces lunar phases and why the Moon’s orbit causes changes over time
• Differentiate solar and lunar eclipses and describe the role of alignment near orbital nodes
• Distinguish partial, total, and annular eclipses and relate eclipse conditions to Moon–Earth distances and inclination

Learning Objectives

• Explain how wind and solar variability affects grid operation and dispatch decisions
• Describe roles of forecasting, storage, and reserves in balancing supply and demand
• Evaluate how renewable integration impacts planning, reliability, economics, and environmental outcomes