Grade 7 Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain the law of conservation of mass using particle-level reasoning (atoms rearrange but are not created or destroyed).
• Use the idea of a closed system to predict whether total mass will stay the same before and after a chemical reaction.
• Identify reactants and products at the particle level and describe what happens to bonds during a reaction.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions change temperature through energy transfer
• Describe how bond breaking requires energy and how bond formation releases energy
• Use energy evidence, along with other signs, to distinguish chemical change from physical change

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy transfer causes phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas
• Identify examples of melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition
• Use particle motion and arrangement to describe temperature and pressure effects on phases+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain Newton’s third law: forces in interactions are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
• Differentiate between action-reaction force pairs and effects on acceleration for objects of different masses.
• Identify action-reaction pairs in everyday contact and noncontact situations, including gravity.

Learning Objectives

• Explain diffusion using the particle model and concentration gradients
• Describe how mixing occurs without chemical change and without stopping particle motion
• Predict how temperature affects the rate of diffusion+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gravitational force, weight, and inertia relate to motion near Earth
• Differentiate gravity from support forces (normal forces) and describe when they balance or do not balance
• Use Newton’s ideas of net force to predict how objects move when support forces change

Learning Objectives

• Explain recoil and thrust using Newton’s third law (action–reaction forces).
• Compare how equal and opposite interaction forces can produce different accelerations because of different masses.
• Use ideas about momentum change to describe motion during interactions such as rockets, skateboarders, and skaters.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how air masses form and how their temperature and moisture influence weather
• Describe how fronts create zones where air rises, cools, and can form clouds and precipitation
• Predict how temperature and wind often change near a front

Learning Objectives

• Explain how human decisions create tradeoffs among farming, development, water use, and ecosystem health.
• Use environmental constraints to predict how changing conditions can affect reliability, cost, and long-term sustainability.
• Evaluate multiple outcomes of a resource decision and justify which priorities best fit a specific scenario.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how water moves through the atmosphere, land, and oceans during the water cycle.
• Explain how energy from the Sun and the role of cooling and gravity drive major water-cycle processes.
• Compare pathways such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration/groundwater storage.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how decomposers (fungi and bacteria) break down dead organisms and waste matter in an ecosystem
• Describe how decomposition returns atoms and nutrients to the soil and water for producers to reuse
• Connect decomposition to the cycling of matter and the continued growth of plants and other consumers+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy flows through trophic levels in an ecosystem
• Describe how matter cycles through decomposition and nutrient pathways
• Predict how changes in nutrients or plant growth can affect consumer populations+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how atoms move through an ecosystem via photosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition, and soil/water transport
• Identify how decomposers return nutrients to the environment and support new plant growth
• Differentiate matter cycling (recycling atoms) from energy flow (one-way movement with heat loss)

Learning Objectives

• Explain how design criteria describe what a solution must achieve in measurable ways.
• Differentiate design criteria from constraints and identify common examples of each.
• Use criteria and constraints to evaluate whether a design is acceptable, safe, and effective.

Learning Objectives

• Explain that adaptations are inherited traits that improve survival or reproduction in specific environments.
• Identify evidence for adaptation from population differences, fossil records, and documented environmental change.
• Use scientific reasoning to connect trait evidence to selection pressures in an environment.

Learning Objectives

• Identify independent, dependent, and controlled variables in an investigation scenario
• Use measurable quantities to connect an investigation question to evidence
• Explain why controlling variables is necessary for fair tests+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the idea of reference conditions and why they guide ecological restoration goals.
• Differentiate active and passive restoration approaches and describe how each can support recovery.
• Identify key factors in restoration planning, including species selection, genetic considerations, and habitat connectivity.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy moves through trophic levels from primary producers to higher consumers
• Use quantitative ideas like trophic efficiency (e.g., ~10%) to predict how much energy is available at higher levels
• Describe how respiration and heat conversion limit energy availability and shape biomass pyramids+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the manufacturing process and microstructure of advanced materials influence strength, stiffness, and durability
• Compare advanced construction materials by considering cost, fabrication complexity, and performance trade-offs
• Describe how prefabrication and connections enable tall timber buildings and bridge retrofits using novel materials

Learning Objectives

• Explain how joints and connections maintain continuous load paths in structures.
• Compare bolted, welded, and bearing connections based on how they transfer forces.
• Describe shear, bearing, and slip at connections and why redundancy matters.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how engineers map primary and secondary load paths to identify where gravity, lateral, and dynamic forces travel through a structural system.
• Describe how openings, re-entrant corners, and irregular geometry can redistribute forces and change load routes.
• Use the concepts of redundancy and alternative load paths to predict how structures can better prevent progressive collapse.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how tensile, compression, and bending tests describe material behavior under different forces.
• Identify non-destructive testing methods and describe what they detect or measure.
• Describe how anisotropy and strain localization can change material performance in timber and composite materials.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how topology and form optimization can reduce material use while meeting structural performance requirements.
• Use performance-based criteria (strength, stiffness, and durability) to compare multiple design options quantitatively.
• Describe how life-cycle assessment and constructability constraints affect feasible optimized designs.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how density differences and buoyancy drive convective heat transfer in fluids.
• Describe how convection produces circulation cells in air and water and identify real-world examples.
• Compare convection at different scales, from small boundary layers to large atmospheric circulation.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use Q = mcΔT to calculate the heat energy needed to change a substance’s temperature
• Connect heat energy (joules) and heating rate (watts/power) to real-world heating and cooling situations
• Explain how mass, specific heat capacity, temperature change, and heat-transfer factors affect thermal energy and rate

Learning Objectives

• Explain how temperature is measured using different instruments (liquid-in-glass, bimetallic, and digital) and identify their appropriate ranges.
• Describe the Celsius scale, including fixed points and why calibration improves measurement reliability.
• Distinguish systematic and random uncertainties and predict how environmental factors (radiation and air flow) affect temperature readings.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the urban heat island effect forms from surface materials, vegetation loss, and human activities
• Describe how impervious surfaces, reduced evapotranspiration, and building geometry influence local temperature and air movement
• Evaluate mitigation strategies such as greenery, cool pavements, and strategic shading and predict their impacts

Learning Objectives

• Explain how physical measurements (melting point, boiling point, conductivity, refractive index, and gravimetric residue) can indicate purity.
• Use multiple pieces of evidence to evaluate whether a substance is pure or contaminated.
• Compare the strengths and limitations of different purity-testing techniques and justify an overall conclusion.

Learning Objectives

• Identify performance metrics, constraints, and trade-offs in an engineering design problem.
• Use parameter variation and sensitivity reasoning to improve a design within real-world limits.
• Evaluate options using basic cost–benefit reasoning and staged refinement.

Learning Objectives

• Identify key parts of scientific inquiry, including testable questions, hypotheses, and variables.
• Use operational definitions and precise measurement to make results comparable across trials.
• Apply basic laboratory safety and ethical data-reporting practices during investigations.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify and compare descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, and interquartile range (IQR)
• Explain how outliers affect measures of center and spread
• Use simple graphical ideas to interpret differences between data sets+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the four main tissue types (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous) and their primary functions
• Explain how the organization of tissues in organs affects transport, protection, movement, and communication
• Use evidence from scientific statements to distinguish correct from incorrect information about tissue functions

Learning Objectives

• Explain how deposition occurs when transport energy decreases and sediments accumulate to form landforms such as deltas, alluvial fans, and floodplains
• Describe how depositional processes create evidence in rock records, including layered strata, cross-bedding, and graded beds
• Compare deposition by glaciers and wind by identifying moraines, drumlins, and dunes

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the nucleus stores DNA and controls key cell processes
• Describe the roles of chromosomes, transcription, translation, and nuclear pores
• Connect nuclear function to cell division, differentiation, and responses to signals

Learning Objectives

• Describe lithospheric plates and how they move on the mantle
• Explain how divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries differ
• Connect plate boundary interactions to earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mitochondria convert chemical energy from food into ATP using cellular respiration.
• Describe how mitochondrial structure (especially the inner membrane folds) supports energy-releasing reactions.
• Use evidence to identify correct statements about electron transport chains and ATP synthesis.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how transport across cell membranes and between organ systems supports homeostasis.
• Identify roles of transport proteins, membrane pumps, and hormone signaling in regulating nutrients, ions, and water.
• Describe how disruptions at the cellular or tissue level can affect whole-organism stability.

Learning Objectives

• Identify major cell parts and describe their primary functions
• Explain how the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles work together
• Compare plant and animal cell features and relate them to cell functions+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how cells are organized into tissues and how tissues form organs
• Describe the roles of major tissue types (epithelial, muscle, nervous) in the body
• Use evidence from text to identify the main idea of organism-level cell organization

Learning Objectives

• Describe the structure of the cell membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with embedded components
• Explain how proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates contribute to selective permeability and communication
• Use evidence from membrane structure to predict how substances move in and out of cells

Learning Objectives

• Define trophic efficiency and explain why energy decreases between trophic levels.
• Interpret how energy pyramids represent available energy at higher trophic levels.
• Use evidence from examples to predict how many consumer levels can be supported.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how beam bending, shear, and deflection occur under different loads and support conditions
• Use span-to-depth ratio and material stiffness concepts to predict beam performance under service loads
• Identify how real-world examples (e.g., overpass girders and floor joists) relate to beam stability and comfort requirements

Learning Objectives

• Explain how changes in temperature, rainfall, light, and habitat structure affect ecosystems and species survival.
• Describe how water quality and pollution can influence growth, reproduction, and mortality in organisms.
• Analyze how changes in one species can shift predator-prey, competition, and symbiotic relationships.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how disturbances affect ecosystem structure and community relationships
• Describe how populations change during recovery and long-term shifts after disturbances
• Use evidence from population growth and decline to predict effects on ecosystem stability

Learning Objectives

• Explain how matter cycles through ecosystems using carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus as examples
• Describe key processes that move nutrients between the air, organisms, soils, and water
• Connect nutrient availability to ecosystem productivity and limiting growth

Learning Objectives

• Identify common hazards in laboratory and field contexts and locate relevant hazard information in Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
• Explain how likelihood and severity affect risk and how controls reduce risk using the hierarchy of controls.
• Describe appropriate emergency planning, signage, incident reporting, and ethical responsibilities for personal and community safety.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how model evaluation compares predictions to evidence
• Identify common reasons a model may fail, such as incorrect assumptions or missing factors
• Describe how changing input parameters in a simulation can reveal which assumptions matter most+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use data and observations to support a science claim with specific references.
• Explain why evidence implies a claim using appropriate relationships and units.
• Evaluate alternative explanations by comparing which evidence supports one explanation more strongly.