Grade 9 Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain and distinguish passive diffusion, facilitated transport, and active transport in terms of energy use and membrane proteins.
• Use concentration gradients (and, when relevant, electrochemical gradients) to predict net movement of substances across membranes.
• Interpret how membrane composition and protein pumps affect osmotic balance and cellular homeostasis.

Learning Objectives

• Use fossil sequences, comparative anatomy, biogeographic patterns, and molecular phylogenies to interpret descent with modification.
• Explain how mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can change allele frequencies and traits over short and long timescales.
• Apply evolutionary models to predict how populations respond to selective pressures in changing environments.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how ATP is produced and used through coupling between catabolic and anabolic reactions
• Compare electron transport chains in photosynthesis and cellular respiration and predict effects on ATP yield
• Use simplified quantitative stoichiometry and energy diagrams to connect molecular processes to cellular energy budgets+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain atomic number and mass number and how they relate to elemental identity and isotopes
• Describe the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atomic structure
• Use simplified electron-shell models to predict patterns in chemical behavior+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how asexual reproduction works in processes such as binary fission, budding, spore formation, and vegetative propagation.
• Explain genetic and ecological consequences of producing clones.
• Compare when asexual strategies may be favored versus when sexual reproduction may be favored.

Learning Objectives

• Describe major genetic technologies used in biotechnology and how they differ in approach
• Explain how traits can be introduced or altered at both molecular and population scales
• Evaluate the need for regulatory oversight and monitoring using risk–benefit reasoning+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how sex chromosomes (X and Y) influence inheritance patterns of sex-linked traits
• Explain how hemizygosity and dosage compensation affect the expression and frequency of X-linked recessive conditions
• Interpret how sex-linked inheritance can change expectations for offspring in breeding and population genetics contexts

Learning Objectives

• Explain how variation in developmental timing and gene regulation can produce different phenotypes from the same basic genetic toolkit
• Describe how regulatory networks and epigenetic modulation influence trait expression during development
• Use comparative developmental evidence to link genetic variation to morphological and physiological differences+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain ecological, economic, and health risks and benefits associated with genetic technologies
• Use risk assessment ideas (hazard, likelihood, severity, uncertainty) to evaluate trade-offs
• Describe mitigation and monitoring strategies for long-term impacts+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how trophic interactions and feedback loops can produce trophic cascades in ecosystems.
• Use key concepts like resilience, regime shifts, and thresholds to interpret ecosystem change.
• Connect material fluxes (nutrient cycling) and population dynamics to predict recovery after disturbance.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mitosis supports growth and tissue repair by producing genetically identical somatic cells
• Describe how meiosis produces haploid gametes and how crossing over increases genetic variation
• Use chromosome-pairing and segregation concepts to predict outcomes of errors such as nondisjunction+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify common sources of random and systematic error in scientific investigations.
• Distinguish between confounding and model mis-specification, and explain how each can affect results.
• Use evidence from cross-method comparisons, residual patterns, and sensitivity analyses to evaluate bias.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the structure of DNA relates to how genetic information is copied and transmitted
• Describe how chromosomes, gene loci, and karyotypes help scientists organize genetic information
• Compare nuclear genomes with organelle genomes and predict how this can affect inheritance+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how variance, range, interquartile range (IQR), and coefficient of variation (CV) each describe variability in data.
• Interpret variability measures in terms of evidence strength when comparing groups or hypotheses.
• Connect quantified variability to sampling design and heterogeneity across subgroups.

Learning Objectives

• Compare sexual and asexual reproduction in terms of genetic variation and offspring similarity
• Identify common mechanisms of asexual reproduction (budding, binary fission, vegetative cloning) and where they occur
• Analyze ecological trade-offs between population growth rate and genetic diversity

Learning Objectives

• Explain major sources of genetic variation, including mutation, recombination, gene flow, and chromosomal rearrangements
• Describe how each variation source can increase or decrease genetic diversity within a population
• Use examples of introduced species and managed fisheries to predict changes in gene pools+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the criteria used to compare different design solutions.
• Identify key performance metrics and environmental impacts.
• Analyze trade-offs among efficiency, durability, cost, and safety.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genes (DNA segments) determine protein structure and function
• Describe transcription and translation as processes that link DNA to protein production
• Interpret how promoter and regulatory elements control gene expression and phenotype+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how computational simulations and numerical models generate predictions from hypothesized mechanisms.
• Analyze parameter sensitivity by comparing how changes in inputs affect model outputs.
• Use ensembles, visualizations, and uncertainty representations to compare scenarios and assess forecast reliability.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish random uncertainty from systematic uncertainty and describe how each affects measurements.
• Use standard deviation, standard error, and confidence intervals to quantify uncertainty in experimental results.
• Apply basic uncertainty propagation to compute uncertainties for sums, differences, and products/quotients.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how magnetic fields are produced by permanent magnets and by moving electric charges
• Interpret magnetic field lines, including their direction and the forces they exert on magnetic materials
• Use the right-hand rule to relate current direction to magnetic field orientation around a wire+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material and how they support cell function
• Explain how different organelles contribute to processes such as energy production and protein synthesis
• Interpret how cell models (diagrams and 3D representations) help connect structure to function

Learning Objectives

• Explain oxidation and reduction in terms of electron transfer and oxidation-number change.
• Determine which species is oxidized or reduced and identify oxidizing and reducing agents.
• Track oxidation-state changes to help balance and interpret redox reactions, including combustion and displacement.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Classify chemical reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, or combustion based on reactant/product patterns.
• Predict likely products by applying reaction-category rules and using the idea that charges and atoms must be conserved.
• Explain how oxidation is involved in combustion and relate reaction categories to electron movement (redox considerations).

Learning Objectives

• Explain how coupled quantitative models connect variables across the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
• Use model structure and parameter sensitivity to interpret how changes affect multi-variable outcomes.
• Describe how uncertainty propagation (e.g., ensembles) improves the credibility of model projections.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how oceanic lithosphere subducts and how this creates trenches and volcanic arcs
• Describe the role of slab dehydration and melting in arc volcanism
• Interpret how subduction-zone processes can generate earthquakes, tsunamis, and major landforms

Learning Objectives

• Explain how sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies can influence atmospheric convection and wind patterns
• Describe ENSO-related teleconnections and how they can affect regional climate
• Use energy-budget and lag-correlation ideas to connect ocean heat content to atmospheric circulation responses

Learning Objectives

• Explain how plate motions produce different types of plate boundaries and surface features.
• Interpret evidence for plate tectonics, including seafloor age patterns and paleomagnetic stripes.
• Connect patterns of earthquakes and volcano locations to divergent, convergent, and transform margins.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how work relates to force and distance in the direction of motion
• Compare simple machines using the ideas of input force, output force, and mechanical advantage
• Evaluate energy trade-offs, including efficiency and the effects of friction

Learning Objectives

• Explain how simple machines transfer forces to change effort, load, or direction of motion
• Compare ideal mechanical advantage with practical mechanical advantage and account for friction
• Use input and output relationships (force and displacement) to reason about machine performance

Learning Objectives

• Explain that power is the rate of energy transfer and identify common power units.
• Define efficiency as the fraction of input energy converted to useful work.
• Analyze how input power, output power, and energy losses affect performance in real systems.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Newton’s First Law (inertia) relates force to changes in motion
• Use Newton’s Second Law to predict how acceleration depends on net force and mass
• Describe Newton’s Third Law (action–reaction) and apply it to real situations like recoil and anchored structures+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how reflection, refraction, transmission, and absorption affect wave direction and energy at boundaries
• Use wave models to predict changes in wavelength when waves enter a new medium
• Describe how diffraction and interference patterns form when waves pass through openings or overlap

Learning Objectives

• Explain how net force is determined by vector addition of all forces acting on an object, including direction.
• Predict motion changes (acceleration, deceleration, and equilibrium) from the net force and force direction.
• Apply friction and air resistance as opposing forces to analyze realistic Alberta scenarios.

Learning Objectives

• Explain key ethical concerns in genetic technologies, including privacy, consent, and fair access to benefits
• Analyze trade-offs between innovation, public benefit, and potential harms in real-world genetic applications
• Describe how stakeholder responsibilities and policy can guide responsible development and use of genetic science+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use a water-budget framework to relate precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration, and storage changes to streamflow variability.
• Interpret discharge hydrographs and connect changing flow to surface and subsurface water fluxes.
• Explain how groundwater level records and human withdrawals affect aquifer sustainability indicators.

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate between speed, velocity, and acceleration and explain how each is measured
• Use unit conversions and sign conventions to interpret motion in one dimension
• Apply kinematic relationships to compare motion using basic algebra

Learning Objectives

• Interpret displacement–time and velocity–time graphs using slope to determine velocity and acceleration
• Use area under a velocity–time graph to determine displacement
• Identify key graph features such as constant segments, sign changes, discontinuities, and curved motion to describe real physical events

Learning Objectives

• Explain how friction and aerodynamic drag oppose motion and convert mechanical energy into thermal energy
• Use coefficients of friction and drag concepts to predict how surface texture, normal force, and speed affect resistance
• Interpret real-world examples (vehicles, sports equipment, pipelines, wind turbines) using qualitative cause-and-effect reasoning

Learning Objectives

• Explain how forces (contact and non-contact) affect motion in everyday Alberta contexts
• Describe how magnitude and direction combine vectorially to determine net force and expected motion
• Use qualitative reasoning about opposing forces to predict motion before numerical calculations

Learning Objectives

• Use indicators (extraction rates, groundwater levels, and land-use change metrics) to describe human impacts on Earth systems.
• Interpret resource trends while accounting for natural variability and possible system thresholds.
• Explain how resource pressures can lead to consequences such as subsidence, soil erosion, and altered sediment budgets.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mechanical energy conservation relates kinetic and gravitational potential energy
• Use energy bookkeeping to predict feasible motion considering non-conservative losses like friction
• Identify energy transfers and dissipation in real Alberta contexts (hydroelectric dams and skiers)

Learning Objectives

• Interpret seismic waveforms to identify likely P- and S-wave arrivals and describe what they indicate about earthquake depth and distance.
• Use travel-time ideas and epicenter mapping concepts to explain how seismographs help locate rupture zones.
• Connect patterns of seismicity and instrument-based evidence to tectonic environments and surface hazards such as tsunamis.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how grounding and overcurrent protection reduce electrical shock and fire risk.
• Interpret common electrical safety labels to identify protective features and installation requirements.
• Describe how insulation, approved equipment, and environmental conditions affect electrical safety in Alberta.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are connected through matter and energy exchanges
• Use cause-and-effect reasoning and mass-balance thinking to interpret cross-domain environmental processes
• Describe how coupled sphere processes can produce observable patterns in time and space

Learning Objectives

• Explain how magma viscosity and volatile (gas) content influence eruptive style and energy
• Compare effusive shield volcanism and explosive stratovolcano behavior using tectonic setting and magma composition
• Use petrologic indicators and eruption chronologies to interpret past volcanic activity and landscape change+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how wind and solar variability affects grid operation and dispatch decisions
• Describe roles of forecasting, storage, and reserves in balancing supply and demand
• Evaluate how renewable integration impacts planning, reliability, economics, and environmental outcomes

Learning Objectives

• Decompose two-dimensional motion into perpendicular components and relate them to displacement and acceleration.
• Predict projectile outcomes (range, apex height, and time of flight) using independent x- and y-motion models.
• Translate between component equations and combined vector descriptions of motion.+ Show more