Grade 4 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Identify and describe common simple machines such as levers, inclined planes, wedges, screws, wheel-and-axles, and pulleys.
• Understand how simple machines change the magnitude, direction, or distance of an input force.
• Recognize examples of simple machines in daily life and explain their function.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify common simple machines (lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, wheel-and-axle, and pulley) from everyday examples.
• Classify simple machines by how they change force: force multipliers, distance changers, and direction changers.
• Explain how input forces can be increased or redirected using simple machines.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how light travels in straight lines and produces shadows.
• Learn how sound is produced by vibrating objects and travels through media.
• Connect observations of light and sound changes with real-world examples.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the basic resources living things need to survive and function.
• Explain how limiting needs can cause visible changes in organisms.
• Match common survival needs (water, air/gases, food, temperature, shelter) to examples of organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Describe minerals as naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a characteristic chemical composition and crystal structure
• Distinguish minerals using properties such as hardness, cleavage, fracture, streak, lustre, and colour
• Use simple field tests to identify and classify minerals, linking properties to rock formation and uses

Learning Objectives

• Identify a science/engineering problem by stating what needs to be solved and how success will be measured.
• List realistic constraints (such as materials, cost, and size) for a design challenge.
• Use criteria and constraints to choose an achievable goal before generating a solution.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the fulcrum, input arm, and output arm in a simple lever situation.
• Explain how input force and output force relate to arm lengths for each class of lever.
• Compare mechanical advantage and trade-offs in levers (force amplification vs. distance moved).+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how structure and function help organisms survive in challenging environments.
• Describe how plant traits (like spines and tough stems) can reduce harm and water loss.
• Describe how animal sensory structures (like eyes, antennae, and whiskers) help locate resources and avoid threats.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific investigations connect a question to evidence using observations and measurements.
• Identify the role of tools and units in collecting consistent data.
• Classify common investigation practices such as using variables, recording results, and using data to support conclusions.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how water depth and soil saturation affect wetland plants and animals.
• Explain structural adaptations of wetland plants, including aerenchyma and root features.
• Compare marshes, swamps, and bogs using their dominant vegetation and hydrology.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define constraints and explain how they limit design options in science and engineering.
• Identify tradeoffs that occur when a design must meet competing needs (like strength vs. weight).
• Use clear criteria to choose a design option that best satisfies important limits.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how comparing multiple pieces of weather data over time helps reveal patterns and trends.
• Interpret data signals such as temperature changes, precipitation changes, cloud cover, and wind-direction shifts.
• Use weather trends to support reasonable predictions about how conditions may change.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how external plant structures help plants obtain resources and survive.
• Explain how leaf adaptations support gas exchange and reduce water loss.
• Identify roles of roots, seeds, and pods in plant survival and growth.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain what species richness, relative abundance, and distribution mean in a community
• Describe how evenness and habitat heterogeneity can increase biodiversity
• Differentiate native and introduced species and discuss how management history can affect communities

Learning Objectives

• Explain how sound reflection creates echoes and why the delay depends on distance to a surface.
• Describe how different surface materials affect sound absorption and reverberation.
• Use evidence to relate room geometry and surface placement to sound clarity and intelligibility.

Learning Objectives

• Describe physical properties of materials using observation terms such as color, texture, transparency, and flexibility.
• Distinguish between measurable physical properties and properties identified through careful observation.
• Use physical properties to classify materials and predict how they behave in everyday situations.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how friction, wear, and deformation reduce the efficiency of machines.
• Compare ideal mechanical advantage with actual mechanical advantage in real situations.
• Identify strategies (materials, lubrication, surface finish) that reduce losses and improve reliability.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how water, ice, and wind cause erosion and deposition in landscapes.
• Identify landforms created by erosion and deposition such as valleys, deltas, beaches, and moraines.
• Describe processes like river incision, sediment transport, glacial carving, and coastal erosion.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how refining a design helps it meet success criteria while still following constraints.
• Describe how changes to parts can require revisions to an explanation of how the solution works.
• Use evidence from a science problem to support which design best matches success criteria.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the steps of a simple design problem: observe, define what needs to change, and think of solutions.
• Explain how design solutions may change shape, materials, or structure to solve an observed problem.
• Use evidence from observations to support a design explanation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how criteria and constraints guide prototype evaluation
• Use evidence from test results to compare a prototype’s performance to stated criteria
• Identify how constraints affect which design options are possible+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how material choice and safety margins affect the strength and reliability of a simple mechanism.
• Describe how tolerance and fit influence friction, motion, and failure risk in mechanisms with moving parts.
• Use performance criteria to balance strength, durability, maintenance needs, and cost when designing a mechanism.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how observable evidence supports a claim in science investigations.
• Differentiate between a testable question and one that cannot be measured.
• Write or identify a hypothesis that can be supported or challenged with measurable data.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how models use evidence-based patterns to support scientific predictions
• Make specific predictions using relationships shown in a model
• Evaluate how observations and measurements can confirm or improve a model+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the Moon’s visible phases change in a repeating pattern over about a month
• Describe how the Sun, Earth, and Moon positions affect what we see from Earth
• Use observations to support statements about lunar phase progression

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gears transfer motion through meshing teeth and how gear ratios affect rotational speed and torque.
• Describe how gear size, tooth count, and gear order determine output direction and magnitude.
• Compare simple gear trains, idler gears, and compound gear trains for changing speed and mechanical advantage.

Learning Objectives

• Explain that gravity is a force that pulls objects toward Earth.
• Describe how gravity affects the motion of objects when they are released or supported.
• Identify everyday examples of gravity influencing speed and resting positions.

Learning Objectives

• Identify producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food chain or food web.
• Explain how energy moves through food chains using arrows.
• Describe how food webs show interdependence and why removing a link can affect many organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the roles of system components such as a source, mechanism, and control in a simple technological system
• Explain how energy moves through a system and how component properties affect function
• Use system-thinking vocabulary (input, output, control, connector) to describe how a system achieves a goal

Learning Objectives

• Explain how heating and cooling can change matter between solid, liquid, and gas states
• Identify key terms for state changes, including melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation
• Use temperature and particle movement/arrangement to describe why state changes happen

Learning Objectives

• Describe how long-term climate patterns differ from day-to-day weather.
• Identify factors that influence temperature and precipitation in different regions.
• Compare regions using common climate characteristics such as average temperature and seasonal change.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how human activities can affect Earth systems (land, water, air, and living things).
• Describe solution strategies that reduce harmful impacts, such as reducing waste and preventing contamination.
• Apply cause-and-effect reasoning to predict how certain actions can lessen pollution and protect ecosystems.

Learning Objectives

• Identify how water, ice, wind, and vegetation contribute to weathering and erosion.
• Match specific weathering agents to the landforms they commonly create.
• Compare relative rates of sediment transport and landscape change in different conditions.

Learning Objectives

• Describe evaporation as a liquid changing into a gas when liquid particles escape into the air.
• Explain condensation as a gas changing into a liquid when it cools on a surface.
• Relate evaporation and condensation to everyday observations like puddles drying and water drops forming on cold objects.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define independent variable, dependent variable, and controlled (fixed) variables in a science investigation.
• Explain why keeping background conditions consistent makes experimental results more reliable.
• Identify which variable should be changed and which variables should be kept the same in an experiment plan.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how testing results provide evidence about whether a solution works as expected
• Use recorded observations to identify patterns across multiple test attempts
• Describe how testing outcomes lead to specific improvements in a design

Learning Objectives

• Identify the basic survival needs of living things, including water, air/gases, food (energy), and suitable conditions like temperature and shelter.
• Explain how limited resources affect an organism’s behavior, growth, or stress level.
• Use evidence from a text to determine main ideas and to answer questions about survival needs.

Learning Objectives

• Identify amplitude and wavelength in common wave examples such as water waves, vibrating strings, and a slinky
• Use displacement–position ideas to interpret simple patterns and graphs
• Compare waves by relating changes in amplitude and wavelength to observed motion

Learning Objectives

• Explain how common energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, wind, and sunlight) are derived from natural resources.
• Describe how energy production and use can affect air and water quality, habitats, and ecosystems.
• Compare trade-offs between fossil fuels and renewable energy sources in terms of pollution and resource use.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how external body features help animals survive in their environments.
• Connect form and function by describing how structures (beaks, fur, feathers, scales, claws, wings) support specific behaviors.
• Use evidence from text and examples to identify the main idea of animal adaptations.

Learning Objectives

• Compare multiple design solutions using clear criteria and constraints.
• Collect and use measurements such as distance, speed, and stability to judge solutions.
• Choose the best solution (or combination) for refinement based on evidence.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how strings change pitch using length, tension, and mass per unit length
• Describe how wind instruments change pitch using effective air-column length and opening patterns
• Connect percussion pitch and tone to size, tension, and material stiffness+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how distance ratios and gear tooth counts can predict output motion in simple machines.
• Use measurement units to relate force, distance, and rotation when reasoning about mechanical advantage.
• Interpret experimental results and describe reasons why real machines may differ from ideal predictions.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the basic resources living organisms need to survive.
• Understand how resources like water, air, and food affect organism health.
• Describe effects of resource limitations on living things.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe the different stages in the life cycle of plants and animals.
• Identify evidence that shows how organisms change over their life cycle.
• Understand that life cycle stages can vary even in similar environments.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how drawings, charts, and tables organize data to reveal relationships.
• Identify patterns and trends in visual data displays.
• Interpret information from different types of data representations.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand different methods for separating mixtures based on their components.
• Identify which separation technique to use depending on mixture properties.
• Explain how appearance and behavior of mixtures guide separation decisions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how water influences weather patterns.
• Identify different forms of water in the atmosphere and on Earth's surface.
• Explain how clouds and moisture lead to precipitation.+ Show more