Grade 9 Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Interpret microscopy images using scale bars, resolution limits, staining/contrast, and controls
• Differentiate what electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy can reveal about cells and organelles
• Evaluate claims about cellular processes by comparing image sets over time while accounting for artifacts

Learning Objectives

• Explain how natural selection increases the frequency of heritable traits that improve reproductive success in a specific environment.
• Describe selective pressure, fitness, and adaptive trade-offs using examples from Alberta.
• Compare artificial selection in agriculture with natural selection and infer how adaptation can accumulate over generations.

Learning Objectives

• Explain Newton’s three laws using force–motion relationships and real-world examples.
• Use Newton’s laws to predict and justify how changes in force affect acceleration and motion.
• Apply action–reaction reasoning to systems involving recoil and anchoring loads.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how DNA replication produces two DNA molecules using a semi-conservative mechanism.
• Describe the roles of helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and Okazaki fragments during replication.
• Compare leading-strand and lagging-strand synthesis and predict how errors can affect genome stability.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify major eukaryotic cell organelles and describe their primary functions
• Explain how an organelle’s structure and molecules relate to the cell task it performs
• Compare how organelle roles support different tissue needs in plants and animals

Learning Objectives

• Explain when total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) is conserved in the presence of negligible non-conservative forces
• Describe how kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy interconvert in real-world motion under gravity
• Use non-conservative work (such as friction) to predict how mechanical energy changes in a system+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how solar energy and Earth’s energy balance influence long-term climate patterns.
• Describe how interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere shape regional climate.
• Analyze how natural variability and external forcings (aerosols, greenhouse gases, ocean circulation, land surface properties) affect temperature, precipitation, and extremes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth's energy budget is influenced by solar flux and albedo
• Describe how greenhouse gases affect outgoing longwave radiation and surface-atmosphere energy balance
• Use ideas about ocean heat transport and climate feedbacks to interpret regional variability+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define mechanical work and express it using force and displacement (including when work is zero or negative).
• Identify major energy forms and distinguish kinetic and potential energy using qualitative and quantitative reasoning.
• Calculate work for constant forces and explain how energy transfer relates to conservation of energy in simple isolated systems.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how alveolar–capillary diffusion depends on partial pressure gradients, surface area, and membrane thickness.
• Describe how ventilation, anatomical dead space, and ventilation–perfusion matching affect oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal.
• Evaluate how haemoglobin affinity and perfusion limitations influence oxygen delivery to tissues for aerobic metabolism.

Learning Objectives

• Explain that compounds contain two or more elements in fixed ratios and how this is reflected in chemical formulas.
• Differentiate ionic and covalent bonding and predict how bonding affects macroscopic properties like melting point and conductivity.
• Apply the law of definite composition and use formulas to reason about predictable mass relationships in compounds.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation regulate Earth’s energy balance.
• Describe how energy moves through Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
• Compare the roles of conduction, convection, and latent heat in transferring energy.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how limiting resources and carrying capacity affect population survival and reproduction in a community
• Describe how biotic interactions (competition, predation, and mutualism) shape species abundance and biodiversity
• Predict how environmental changes can shift community composition over time

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding based on electron interactions.
• Predict some macroscopic properties (melting point, conductivity, structure/solubility patterns) from bonding type.
• Apply bonding ideas to real-world examples such as sodium chloride and metal ores.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how unequal solar heating drives temperature differences, air pressure differences, and atmospheric circulation
• Describe how energy transfers between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere influence humidity, cloud formation, and precipitation
• Use a weather model to predict how changes in temperature and moisture can affect short-term weather patterns

Learning Objectives

• Explain how electron transport chains transfer electrons through sequential carriers in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
• Describe how proton pumping creates an electrochemical gradient used to synthesize ATP.
• Compare mitochondrial and thylakoid electron transport and relate oxygen availability to ATP yield in aerobic systems.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how greenhouse gases affect Earth’s energy flow by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation.
• Describe how energy balance depends on absorption, re-emission, and the altitude where radiation escapes to space.
• Use greenhouse-effect concepts to predict how changes in greenhouse gas concentrations can change surface temperature.

Learning Objectives

• Identify observable evidence that indicates a chemical change has occurred
• Connect evidence markers (color shift, gas, precipitate, temperature, and irreversibility) to the formation of new substances
• Explain why some observations suggest physical changes instead of chemical changes

Learning Objectives

• Explain how allele frequencies change over generations through natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow
• Distinguish among the main mechanisms of evolution and predict their likely effects on populations
• Use key vocabulary (allele, heritable trait, adaptation, population) to describe evolution accurately

Learning Objectives

• Describe how component voltage-current (V–I) and current-temperature (I–T) relationships reveal different behaviors.
• Explain why power dissipation and temperature changes affect component stability, energy loss, and lifespan.
• Apply component curve ideas to real-world examples such as resistors, diodes, thermistors, and incandescent filaments.

Learning Objectives

• Assess whether an electrical application is safe and effective by comparing device ratings to supply and operating conditions.
• Identify protective measures that match common electrical hazards in real-world settings.
• Evaluate energy efficiency and environmental impacts when choosing or judging an electrical system.

Learning Objectives

• Evaluate biotechnology decisions by weighing benefits, risks, and long-term societal impacts.
• Analyze ethical issues related to genetic privacy, informed consent, and equitable access to therapies.
• Explain how ecological and health risks (including unintended genome edits) influence ethical and regulatory choices.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how power distribution systems deliver electricity from generation to homes and businesses
• Describe why voltage transformation and feeder topology affect reliability and capacity
• Analyze how regional constraints and fault propagation influence system design and resilience

Learning Objectives

• Describe how stars form and evolve through the main sequence and later stages based on mass
• Explain how Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams and spectral classification provide evidence for stellar properties
• Compare terminal outcomes of stellar evolution (white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes) and connect them to nucleosynthesis

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding based on electron behavior
• Connect bond type to common observable properties such as melting point and conductivity
• Use particle-level reasoning to predict how bonding affects physical and chemical behavior

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate between speed, velocity, and acceleration using scalar vs. vector descriptions
• Apply sign conventions and unit conversions when analyzing 1D motion
• Use kinematic algebra relationships to compute unknown quantities and interpret results

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy moves through trophic levels in an ecosystem.
• Describe why available energy decreases at each step of energy transfer.
• Evaluate how changes in producers can affect the entire community.

Learning Objectives

• Explain momentum and how it depends on mass and velocity.
• Use conservation of total momentum to analyze collisions and explosions with internal forces.
• Differentiate elastic and inelastic collisions by comparing how kinetic energy behaves.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how valence electrons influence whether bonds form through transfer or sharing.
• Differentiate ionic bonding and covalent bonding using the atomic/electron model.
• Predict how bonding type can affect properties such as conductivity and melting point.

Learning Objectives

• Define ecosystem services and distinguish provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services.
• Explain how biodiversity influences the strength and reliability of ecosystem services.
• Analyze how threats such as land-use change, pollution, and climate shifts can alter service delivery and create trade-offs.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how human activities affect biodiversity through habitat change, pollution, resource extraction, invasive species, and greenhouse gas emissions.
• Describe how changes in species diversity can alter ecosystem services such as pollination, water purification, and soil formation.
• Evaluate human impacts by linking changes in habitats and communities to ecosystem functioning and possible socioecological feedbacks.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how inherited variation, environmental pressures, and differential survival/reproduction drive natural selection
• Use the idea of fitness to predict how traits become more or less common over generations
• Describe how populations change through time and relate adaptation to current environmental conditions

Learning Objectives

• Explain how tectonic activity creates landforms that can store valuable resources over time
• Describe how erosion and sedimentation redistribute Earth materials to form basins and river deposits
• Connect weathering, soil formation, and mineral release to ecosystems and groundwater+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Interpret pedigree symbols and relationships to infer patterns of inheritance across generations
• Differentiate autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial inheritance using affected/carrier patterns
• Use pedigree information to make probability-based predictions for relatives

Learning Objectives

• Explain mechanical advantage as a ratio that compares input force to load force (or input distance to load distance).
• Calculate and interpret mechanical advantage for levers and pulley systems, including how they affect force and displacement.
• Describe trade-offs between force reduction and increased movement distance in common machines.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify observable evidence that indicates a chemical reaction is forming new substances
• Explain how reaction evidence connects to atom rearrangement and bonding changes
• Distinguish chemical changes from physical changes using specific clues such as gas, precipitate, color, temperature, and odor

Learning Objectives

• Explain conservation of matter by tracking atoms in chemical reactions.
• Describe how reactants’ atoms are rearranged into new substances while atoms are conserved.
• Relate energy changes in reactions to temperature changes and heat transfer.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the nephron controls fluid and electrolyte balance through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
• Describe how hormones (ADH and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system) adjust kidney function to maintain homeostasis.
• Interpret how changes in blood volume and osmolarity lead to specific physiological responses.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how optimization improves a design while managing tradeoffs among competing goals and constraints
• Identify variables, metrics, and constraints used to compare design alternatives using evidence or models
• Evaluate why multiple “best” solutions may exist depending on how criteria and limits are chosen

Learning Objectives

• Explain how passive transport, osmosis, and active transport move substances across cell membranes
• Distinguish vesicular transport (endocytosis and exocytosis) from movement across the membrane
• Relate membrane transport to homeostasis, including volume regulation and nutrient uptake

Learning Objectives

• Explain how net force and mass affect an object’s acceleration using proportional reasoning
• Identify the importance of direction when dealing with force and acceleration as vectors
• Apply the idea of net force to predict speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction

Learning Objectives

• Explain how engineering design uses scientific understanding to meet human and societal needs.
• Identify how performance requirements like access, reliability, and safety guide engineering choices.
• Evaluate how technology decisions can affect equity and long-term usability.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how major genetic technologies can introduce or change traits in crops and livestock.
• Compare selective breeding, hybridization, genetic modification, and gene editing in terms of what each changes.
• Describe how trait effects can differ at molecular vs. population scales in agricultural settings.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mutation, recombination during meiosis, gene flow, and chromosomal rearrangements create genetic variation
• Describe how mutation rate and mutation type can affect genetic diversity in populations
• Use real-world examples to predict how genetic variation changes when organisms are introduced or hybridize in managed systems

Learning Objectives

• Identify a text’s main idea and distinguish it from supporting details
• Analyze how details reinforce a central claim or concern in both literary and informational passages
• Use transitions and sentence connections to explain how ideas build across a passage+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how fertilization leads to zygote formation and early embryonic development
• Compare internal and external fertilization using real-world habitat examples
• Describe how temperature, moisture, and habitat quality influence developmental success and population dynamics

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific conclusions depend on evidence, models, and measurement rather than a single method
• Identify how limitations, assumptions, and technology can influence observations and interpretation
• Evaluate how peer review can strengthen reliability and how new measurements can change scientific models+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how compound machines combine multiple simple machines to change force and motion.
• Calculate ideal mechanical advantage using force relationships and displacement-based reasoning.
• Differentiate ideal mechanical advantage from actual performance by accounting for friction and deformation.+ Show more