Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate between a fundamental niche and a realized niche and explain why the realized niche is usually smaller.
• Identify how abiotic factors (environmental conditions) and biotic interactions (other species) affect where organisms live and what resources they use.
• Use examples of temporal and spatial partitioning to explain how similar species can coexist.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how trial results (data) can guide changes to a prototype.
• Identify which performance measures match the prototype’s goal (strength, time, or damage reduction).
• Link each design modification to evidence from testing.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gravity, electric forces, and magnetic forces can act over a distance without direct contact.
• Describe how mass and distance qualitatively affect gravitational attraction.
• Differentiate electric and magnetic interactions by predicting attraction vs. repulsion using evidence.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how solution concentration can be described by molarity, mass percent, and parts per million (ppm).
• Convert between concentration ideas and dilution or mixing scenarios using quantitative reasoning.
• Interpret concentration in real-world environmental contexts, including nutrient levels and contaminant monitoring.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how human activities can change Earth systems by altering energy and matter in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.
• Describe how greenhouse-gas emissions can influence temperature patterns, precipitation, and storm behavior.
• Analyze how land-use change can affect runoff, erosion, and water quality.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish primary (P), secondary (S), and surface seismic waves by their motion and how they propagate through Earth.
• Explain how earthquake focal mechanisms reveal fault types and infer stress orientations.
• Use seismic wave travel times to describe how Earth’s interior structure can be modeled and how epicentres and magnitudes are estimated.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain phase changes using energy transfer, including how melting, vaporization, sublimation, and condensation relate to latent heat.
• Use qualitative heating/cooling curves to interpret temperature plateaus and characteristic transition temperatures.
• Describe how particle motion and potential energy change during phase transitions without changing chemical identity.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how kinetic energy depends on mass and speed using proportional reasoning.
• Interpret graphs that compare kinetic energy to mass and to the square of speed.
• Calculate kinetic energy from given values and justify changes when mass or speed doubles.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain qualitatively how ionic strength affects ion activity coefficients in solutions.
• Describe why high ionic strength changes effective solubility and shifts equilibrium positions.
• Apply ionic-strength ideas to real contexts such as saline aquifers and industrial brines in Alberta.

Learning Objectives

• Use oxidation-state conventions to determine the oxidation numbers of atoms in inorganic and organic species.
• Form and systematically balance half-reactions for redox reactions in acidic or basic conditions.
• Explain how standard reduction potentials relate to spontaneity and predict galvanic cell voltage.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Represent one-dimensional and vector motion using kinematics relationships and consistent sign conventions
• Apply Newton’s laws and free-body reasoning to predict forces, accelerations, and friction effects
• Use energy, impulse, and momentum (including rotational analogues) to solve quantitative mechanics problems+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Interpret atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns using streamfunction and velocity-field representations.
• Explain how momentum, buoyancy, and Coriolis effects shape circulation cells and large-scale flows.
• Connect jet streams, trade winds, and thermohaline circulation to heat redistribution and climate teleconnections such as ENSO.

Learning Objectives

• Explain Newton’s Second Law using net force, mass, and acceleration and the relationship Fnet = m·a
• Use vector reasoning to determine how direction affects acceleration and motion
• Distinguish mass from weight and apply unit consistency to solve physics problems+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy drives changes between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in the rock cycle
• Describe key processes in the rock cycle, including melting, crystallization, weathering, deposition, burial, and metamorphism
• Trace how Earth materials move through the cycle using a pathway from magma to rocks and back again

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate major ecological interactions (predation, parasitism, competition, mutualism, facilitation, and commensalism) and predict how each affects species populations.
• Explain how keystone and foundational species shape trophic structure, ecosystem processes, and community assembly.
• Analyze how ecological networks, interaction strengths, and feedback loops influence community stability and potential regime shifts under stress.

Learning Objectives

• Explain why empirical evidence strengthens scientific claims.
• Distinguish observable/measurable data from opinions or beliefs.
• Describe how patterns in data support, refine, or challenge scientific interpretations.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify trends on graphs, such as increasing, decreasing, plateau, and curved change.
• Describe graph patterns using quantitative language (including axis values and units).
• Use evidence from scatter plots and line graphs to make comparisons between conditions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how physical and chemical contaminants move through ecosystems and how their fate changes over time
• Compare point-source and nonpoint-source contamination and predict likely transport pathways
• Describe bioaccumulation and biomagnification and how they can alter food-web structure+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how adaptation trade-offs occur when a helpful trait causes a cost.
• Evaluate costs and benefits of traits for survival and niche (habitat/role) occupation.
• Use examples to describe how environmental pressures shape evolutionary outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how physical and computational models can be used to generate quantitative data for comparing solutions.
• Identify key controls for consistent input conditions and repeatable measurements in model testing.
• Describe common sources of measurement uncertainty and how model limitations affect results.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain gravitational, elastic, and magnetic potential energy as energy stored by the arrangement of objects or fields
• Predict how changing relative position or configuration changes the amount of stored energy
• Describe how stored potential energy can become kinetic energy when constraints are released

Learning Objectives

• Explain how measurement error, sampling variability, and model uncertainty affect scientific conclusions in monitoring programs.
• Use propagation ideas to reason about how uncertainty in inputs influences uncertainty in a derived result.
• Interpret hypothesis tests and confidence intervals, including what non-significant results do and do not mean.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain what chemical indicators are and how they provide evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred
• Identify common indicator signs such as color change, gas production, precipitate formation, and energy changes
• Distinguish between indicators of chemical change and signs of physical change

Learning Objectives

• Explain how early embryonic structures can be conserved across different animal groups
• Compare embryonic features (pharyngeal pouches, limb buds, and body-plan patterns) across taxa
• Use developmental timing to support ideas about evolutionary relationships

Learning Objectives

• Explain how fossil patterns in stratigraphic layers provide evidence for common ancestry and evolutionary change over geologic time.
• Use index fossils and correlations between sedimentary layers to infer relative ages and interpret changes in fossil assemblages.
• Analyze how transitional fossils and morphological trends support ideas about lineage continuity, radiations, and mass extinctions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how ecosystem models represent biotic and abiotic components using boundaries, variables, and scale.
• Interpret stock-and-flow system diagrams to predict how changes propagate through an ecosystem.
• Use model reasoning to describe equilibrium, resilience, and temporal dynamics after disturbances.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how weathering, erosion, deposition, and mass wasting change Earth’s surface over time
• Identify the main driving forces (water flow, wind, glaciers, and gravity) behind common landforms
• Use observations and mapped patterns to interpret how fast or slow surface changes occur

Learning Objectives

• Identify common evidence that a chemical reaction occurred (gas, precipitate, color change, and temperature change).
• Connect observable evidence to how reactants transform into new substances and how mass is conserved.
• Use simple symbolic formulas to describe reactant-to-product changes.

Learning Objectives

• Identify major forest types (boreal mixedwood, montane, subalpine, and aspen parkland) using tree species and environmental conditions.
• Explain how abiotic factors like elevation, soil moisture, and fire history influence where forest types grow.
• Use Alberta examples to describe how forest boundaries form and why habitat diversity changes.

Learning Objectives

• Define work, kinetic energy, and potential energy and use energy relationships to solve mechanical energy problems
• Apply the principle of energy conservation in closed systems using energy bar-chart representations
• Distinguish conservative and nonconservative forces using examples and potential energy concepts

Learning Objectives

• Explain exponential and logistic population growth and identify the role of carrying capacity in logistic models.
• Differentiate density-dependent and density-independent factors and predict how each changes population trajectories.
• Interpret population graphs and life-history information to evaluate population persistence and long-term viability.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use the mole concept, molar mass, and balanced equations to convert between mass, moles, and particle counts.
• Determine limiting reactants and calculate theoretical and percent yield in stoichiometry problems.
• Apply empirical and molecular formula methods and percent composition to connect composition data to formulas.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Analyze how mineral, groundwater, and hydrocarbon systems interact with societal demand and extraction technologies.
• Evaluate how ore deposit models, aquifer properties, and basin maturation influence long-term resource supply.
• Use mass balance and trade-off thinking to assess sustainability constraints and environmental impacts.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how radiative balance, conduction, convection, and latent heat transfer energy within Earth systems.
• Use conservation of energy to build simple energy budgets that connect energy fluxes to observable patterns.
• Interpret how scale affects energy pathways, from microscale processes to macroscopic weather, ocean, and geothermal signals.

Learning Objectives

• Use dimensional analysis to convert between moles, particles, and mass using molar mass and Avogadro’s number
• Convert between moles of reactants and products using balanced chemical equations
• Identify the limiting reactant and estimate theoretical yield from molar relationships+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how an inclined plane changes the direction of an applied force and relates it to the components of gravitational force.
• Calculate ideal mechanical advantage for ramps using the ratio of slope length to height.
• Describe how friction and surface finish affect the input force needed on real inclined planes and wedges.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how distance, time, and speed are related and identify appropriate units.
• Calculate average speed using distance and time and interpret results in context.
• Recognize common sources of measurement error and describe how they affect motion data.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth's energy budget is influenced by solar flux and albedo
• Describe how greenhouse gases affect outgoing longwave radiation and surface-atmosphere energy balance
• Use ideas about ocean heat transport and climate feedbacks to interpret regional variability+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how standardized long-term ecological monitoring helps detect directional change in species and habitats.
• Identify and compare common monitoring methods used in Alberta (fixed-site surveys, point counts, remote sensing, and water quality sampling).
• Describe how sampling design, temporal replication, and data quality improve the reliability of conclusions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how control methods reduce the influence of unrelated factors in an investigation.
• Identify control and comparison conditions and describe how they should be kept consistent.
• Use proper timing, calibration, and standardized procedures to support credible conclusions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon help explain lunar phases.
• Explain how alignment can produce solar and lunar eclipses using the idea of shadows.
• Connect the Moon’s gravity to tides on Earth and identify how tides change over time.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the difference between design criteria and design constraints in a solution design.
• Write clear, testable design criteria using measurable success targets.
• Use constraints (materials, safety, cost, and science principles) to narrow possible solutions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define mechanical efficiency as useful output energy divided by input energy and interpret what it means when losses occur.
• Explain how frictional heating, sound emission, and material hysteresis reduce efficiency in mechanical systems.
• Identify practical ways engineers measure energy losses and choose design strategies to reduce dissipation while managing cost and complexity.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and wave speed relate to wave behavior and energy transfer
• Predict how waves change direction and pattern during reflection, refraction, and diffraction
• Distinguish constructive and destructive interference and relate resonance to natural frequency

Learning Objectives

• Explain how nuclear fusion in the Sun’s core converts mass into energy
• Describe how changes in fusion rate affect the Sun’s energy output and long-term evolution
• Connect stellar fusion processes to the formation of heavier elements and later generations of stars and planets

Learning Objectives

• Explain how feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis in the body
• Describe how circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and endocrine systems work together
• Use examples (insulin–glucagon signaling, thermoregulation, and coordinated organ responses) to predict system-level effects

Learning Objectives

• Explain conservation of atoms using atomic rearrangement and electron reorganization during chemical reactions.
• Use conservation reasoning to interpret balanced chemical equations and mass relationships.
• Distinguish between rearrangement (bond breaking/forming) and actual creation/destruction of atoms in reactions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how light can behave as a wave and as a stream of particles, depending on the interaction being observed.
• Describe how interference and diffraction support the wave model of electromagnetic radiation.
• Describe how the photoelectric effect supports the particle model of light energy.+ Show more