Grade 4 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Describe how energy moves through an ecosystem using a food chain.
• Identify producers and consumers and explain how they are connected in a food chain.
• Explain how changes in one population can affect other organisms in the chain.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy and matter move among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
• Describe how changes in one Earth system can affect other systems and local weather.
• Use evidence from a passage to identify main ideas and interpret cause-and-effect relationships.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation causes regular changes in sunlight and darkness.
• Use vocabulary such as axis, rotate, daytime, and nighttime to describe day and night.
• Identify how locations on Earth experience sunrise and sunset at different times.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the Sun’s changing position during the day affects shadow direction and length.
• Describe how sunlight hitting an object at different angles changes the shadow shape and extent.
• Use time-of-day observations to connect shadow patterns to Earth’s rotation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain why the Moon appears to change shape over about a month
• Describe how sunlight and the Moon’s position relative to Earth affect which part of the Moon we see
• Use a simple cycle idea to predict how phases progress from one night to the next

Learning Objectives

• Describe how waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when they reach a boundary between materials
• Use evidence such as changes in intensity, amplitude, and direction to compare different material effects on waves
• Explain how echoes and sound/light paths show wave interaction with surfaces and media+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify what common weather instruments measure, such as temperature, rainfall, wind direction, and wind speed.
• Use correct units when describing weather data, including degrees Celsius, millimeters, and kilometers per hour.
• Explain why consistent measurements over time help compare changing weather conditions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how comparing multiple pieces of weather data over time helps reveal patterns and trends.
• Interpret data signals such as temperature changes, precipitation changes, cloud cover, and wind-direction shifts.
• Use weather trends to support reasonable predictions about how conditions may change.

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish solids, liquids, and gases by their observable properties.
• Identify how particles and movement relate to shape and volume in different states of matter.
• Use temperature-related thinking to explain why matter can change state.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific inquiry uses observations and questions as starting points
• Use evidence from measurements or data to support an explanation
• Describe how scientists revise ideas when new evidence does not match

Learning Objectives

• Identify the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem
• Explain how nonliving factors (sunlight, water, air, temperature, and soil) affect which organisms can survive
• Describe how living things in an ecosystem depend on one another and on nonliving conditions

Learning Objectives

• Explain why energy decreases at each step of a food chain
• Describe how organisms use energy for life processes and how energy can be lost as heat
• Connect energy loss to why longer food chains usually have fewer top consumers+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain what a life cycle is and why animals go through different stages
• Identify common stages of animal life cycles (such as egg, larva, tadpole, adult)
• Describe how metamorphosis changes an animal’s body form as it develops

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main stages of a plant life cycle (seed, sprout, mature plant, reproduction).
• Explain how plant structures such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds support survival and reproduction.
• Describe how plants meet basic needs (water, nutrients, and light) during growth.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how environmental changes can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem.
• Describe how habitat conditions (temperature, rainfall, shelter, and food) affect which organisms survive and reproduce.
• Use evidence to connect changes in a habitat to changes in population sizes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how observable evidence supports a claim in science investigations.
• Differentiate between a testable question and one that cannot be measured.
• Write or identify a hypothesis that can be supported or challenged with measurable data.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation causes predictable day and night.
• Describe how the Sun appears to move across the sky due to Earth’s turning.
• Use observations (sunrise, sunset, time of daylight) to support the day/night cycle explanation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how deposition happens when moving water or wind loses energy
• Describe how deposited sediments can change the shape of landforms over time
• Compare two places using differences in sediment thickness to infer how materials accumulated+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food chain.
• Describe how energy moves through an ecosystem from one organism to another.
• Model how decomposers recycle nutrients back into the environment.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how community composition changes over time during primary and secondary succession
• Describe traits of pioneer species and how they help new ecosystems begin
• Identify how soil development and species interactions affect resource availability and biodiversity

Learning Objectives

• Explain how light travels and how shadows form when objects block light.
• Describe how sound is produced and how it travels through a medium like air.
• Connect changes in distance and barriers to patterns for light and sound, including shadows, delays, and muffling.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the difference between mass and volume as measurable properties of matter
• Identify appropriate units and tools used to measure mass and volume
• Compare properties across different samples, including how shape can change volume without changing mass

Learning Objectives

• Explain how material choice and safety margins affect the strength and reliability of a simple mechanism.
• Describe how tolerance and fit influence friction, motion, and failure risk in mechanisms with moving parts.
• Use performance criteria to balance strength, durability, maintenance needs, and cost when designing a mechanism.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how water depth and soil saturation affect wetland plants and animals.
• Explain structural adaptations of wetland plants, including aerenchyma and root features.
• Compare marshes, swamps, and bogs using their dominant vegetation and hydrology.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify evidence that a chemical change forms a new substance with new properties
• Distinguish physical changes from chemical changes using observations and clues
• Explain why some changes cannot be undone by simply heating or cooling+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how simple machines change the direction or size of forces to make tasks easier
• Describe the roles of effort force, output force, and fulcrum in a lever
• Use examples of inclined planes and levers to predict how motion changes

Learning Objectives

• Explain how heating and cooling can change matter between solid, liquid, and gas states
• Identify key terms for state changes, including melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation
• Use temperature and particle movement/arrangement to describe why state changes happen

Learning Objectives

• Explain how friction, wear, and deformation reduce the efficiency of machines.
• Compare ideal mechanical advantage with actual mechanical advantage in real situations.
• Identify strategies (materials, lubrication, surface finish) that reduce losses and improve reliability.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gears transfer motion through meshing teeth and how gear ratios affect rotational speed and torque.
• Describe how gear size, tooth count, and gear order determine output direction and magnitude.
• Compare simple gear trains, idler gears, and compound gear trains for changing speed and mechanical advantage.

Learning Objectives

• Identify thermal, light, sound, and electrical energy and describe how each one can be observed in everyday situations.
• Explain how energy transfers through matter and space using examples of conduction, transmission of light, and sound through air.
• Model and describe electrical energy transfer in simple circuits using the movement of electrons.

Learning Objectives

• Identify mechanisms of energy transfer between objects and across different media (solids, liquids, gases).
• Connect energy transfer to observable changes in motion and to changes in thermal state.
• Use evidence from temperature or motion observations to explain what energy was transferred and how.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how solids, liquids, and gases differ in shape and volume.
• Use everyday examples to describe how matter occupies space.
• Identify the best main idea for short science reading paragraphs.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how temperature changes can cause matter to melt or freeze
• Identify key differences between solids and liquids during phase changes
• Describe how melting and freezing are reversible processes

Learning Objectives

• Explain how structural adaptations help organisms survive in specific environments
• Identify examples of structural adaptations and match them to their functions
• Use evidence from an informational text to determine main ideas

Learning Objectives

• Explain how unbalanced forces can change an object’s speed and/or direction
• Describe how friction can slow a moving object down
• Use observations of motion over time to connect net force direction to motion patterns

Learning Objectives

• Explain how external and internal structures help plants and animals perform life functions.
• Describe how plant structures such as roots, stems, and leaves support obtaining food, transporting materials, and making food.
• Identify animal structures (such as beaks, teeth, limbs, and organs) and match them to their functions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain why organisms are placed into groups by using observable traits as evidence.
• Use classification reasoning to compare similarities and differences between organisms.
• Describe how classifications can change when new traits or evidence are considered.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how evidence supports a scientific claim by describing the reasoning connection.
• Use organized representations (tables, graphs, labeled diagrams) to communicate evidence clearly.
• Distinguish between what is known from evidence and what is being proposed or tested next.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the difference between weather and climate using examples of temperature, precipitation, wind, and cloud cover.
• Identify how weather can change quickly while climate changes more slowly over years.
• Use key vocabulary related to atmosphere and patterns to answer questions about observations and long-term trends.

Learning Objectives

• Describe the major stages in the life cycle of an animal and a plant
• Explain how evidence from body size, shape, and structures can show life cycle stages
• Compare how life cycle stages meet different needs as an organism grows

Learning Objectives

• Explain why repeated observations and measurements increase confidence in scientific conclusions.
• Identify patterns that remain similar across trials and describe how variation can still be normal.
• Use trial data to distinguish likely patterns from random outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how evidence helps make a scientific claim more convincing
• Identify types of evidence, such as observations and measurements
• Describe how scientists respond when evidence conflicts with an explanation+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how models use evidence-based patterns to support scientific predictions
• Make specific predictions using relationships shown in a model
• Evaluate how observations and measurements can confirm or improve a model+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main stages of the water cycle: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection
• Explain how solar energy drives the water cycle and how water moves between Earth’s systems
• Use key vocabulary to describe how water changes state (liquid, gas, and ice) during the cycle

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific investigations connect a question to evidence using observations and measurements.
• Identify the role of tools and units in collecting consistent data.
• Classify common investigation practices such as using variables, recording results, and using data to support conclusions.

Learning Objectives

• Identify reversible phase changes and describe how temperature changes can reverse them.
• Match common phase-change processes to the correct direction (melting/freezing, evaporation/condensation).
• Explain why reversible phase changes usually do not create a new material.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the roles of system components such as a source, mechanism, and control in a simple technological system
• Explain how energy moves through a system and how component properties affect function
• Use system-thinking vocabulary (input, output, control, connector) to describe how a system achieves a goal

Learning Objectives

• Explain what behavioral adaptations are and how they help organisms survive and reproduce.
• Identify examples of behavioral adaptations such as migration, hibernation, shelter building, camouflage stillness, and alertness.
• Describe how behavioral traits can change with an organism’s environment and life-cycle stage.+ Show more