Grade 4 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain how meshing gear teeth transmit rotational motion from one gear to another.
• Calculate or predict how gear ratio affects rotational speed and torque direction changes.
• Describe how idler gears and compound gear trains change motion in compact mechanisms.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation and its position relative to the Sun relate to daily patterns of light and temperature.
• Describe how the Moon orbits Earth and why different amounts of the Moon’s sunlit side are visible.
• Use models or sky observations to connect motion in space to predictable changes we see.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how to evaluate prototypes using specific criteria.
• Learn the constraints that limit design options.
• Compare performance features against criteria within constraints.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify abiotic and biotic components of a habitat.
• Explain how shelter, food, water, space, and light are habitat components.
• Distinguish habitat from niche using simple examples.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use ray models to describe how light travels in straight lines.
• Predict areas of full illumination and darkness using intersecting and extended rays.
• Explain how angle relationships determine reflected directions from smooth surfaces.

Learning Objectives

• Plan a fair test by isolating one variable and keeping other conditions the same
• Collect and record quantitative data such as time, displacement, or load
• Interpret results to identify likely failure modes and choose an improved design change+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand different ways human activities affect local habitats and ecosystems.
• Identify observable ecological indicators of human impacts such as pollution and habitat loss.
• Explore examples of human impacts from urban, agricultural, and shoreline environments.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how protected areas, buffer zones, and habitat corridors help reduce harm to habitats and species.
• Distinguish passive protection from active restoration and creation of connected habitats.
• Describe how monitoring ecological indicators can show whether conservation efforts are working.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how organisms are classified based on observable traits.
• Learn how evidence influences classification decisions and changes.
• Identify traits that separate different groups of organisms.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mechanical advantage relates input force and output force using a ratio.
• Use distance ratios (or gear tooth counts) to predict output distance.
• Identify correct units and representations for force, distance, and rotation.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how animals gather information using their senses.
• Explain how sensory input helps an animal decide on a response.
• Match senses to common behaviors such as moving, freezing, or seeking shelter.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the importance of consistent measurement methods in data collection.
• Identify appropriate units and criteria for recording observations.
• Recognize the responding variable in an experiment to ensure data accuracy.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how light interacts with different materials to cause transmission, absorption, and scattering.
• Identify examples of transparent, translucent, and opaque materials in everyday life.
• Explain how surface and bulk properties influence the color, brightness, and heat effects of materials.

Learning Objectives

• Identify input and output energy forms in a battery.
• Explain how a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
• Describe energy losses during energy conversion as heat.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the purpose of controlled variables in experiments.
• Identify the components of a controlled experiment.
• Learn how controlling variables improves data accuracy.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how constraints limit design options in science and engineering problems
• Describe common tradeoffs that happen when one requirement conflicts with another
• Use criteria and evidence to choose the best design option that stays within limits

Learning Objectives

• Describe the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem
• Explain how organisms transfer energy through feeding relationships
• Model how decomposers return nutrients to the environment+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how constraints limit design options and create tradeoffs.
• Identify examples of competing needs in a simple engineering design problem.
• Use criteria to choose the best tradeoff that still meets important limits.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• State a clear claim using precise scientific language.
• Match evidence to a claim and explain how the evidence supports it.
• Describe how patterns were interpreted from data using logical reasoning.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation causes day and night
• Describe how the Sun appears to move across the sky during the day
• Use observations (daylight and darkness timing) to support the day/night pattern

Learning Objectives

• Understand the process of deposition and how it affects landforms.
• Identify different examples of deposition caused by water and wind.
• Explain how deposition builds up land over time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the concepts of mass and volume and how they are measured.
• Compare different samples based on their mass and volume.
• Recognize that the same mass can have different volumes depending on shape.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify and describe common simple machines and their mechanical functions.
• Explain how simple machines change the magnitude, direction, or distance of force.
• Recognize examples of simple machines in daily life and classify their function.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how predator-prey interactions can change populations over time.
• Describe how competition for limited resources affects ecosystem stability.
• Identify mutual relationships and predict how connected populations may respond.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how external and internal structures help plants and animals survive.
• Describe how plant roots, stems, and leaves perform different functions.
• Identify animal structures that help with feeding, support, and protection.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when they meet different materials
• Use the terms reflection, absorption, and transmission to explain observable changes in wave behavior
• Compare how different materials affect wave direction and intensity

Learning Objectives

• Explain how heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids change preexisting rocks into metamorphic rocks.
• Distinguish between contact and regional metamorphism and recognize examples such as marble and gneiss.
• Describe how mineralogy, texture, and foliation are affected during metamorphic processes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how energy can transfer when objects collide, roll, or swing.
• Connect changes in motion to energy transfer during interactions.
• Explain heat flow from warmer materials to cooler materials and relate it to temperature change.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the difference between single fixed pulleys and block-and-tackle systems.
• Describe how multiple pulleys affect mechanical advantage and rope distance.
• Identify and contrast four-bar linkages and crank-rocker systems as methods of motion transfer.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how shadows are formed by obstruction of light.
• Identify the features of sharp and soft shadows.
• Explain how distance and source size affect shadow size and sharpness.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the fulcrum, input arm, and output arm in common lever examples.
• Explain torque in simple terms using the idea of turning caused by force on an arm.
• Classify levers into first-, second-, and third-class levers by fulcrum position.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify weathering processes caused by running water, wind, ice, waves, and plant roots.
• Match common landforms to the agents that shape them through erosion.
• Compare relative rates of sediment movement under different environmental conditions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify map symbols and use the map scale to interpret distances on surface maps
• Explain how contour lines show elevation changes and identify steep vs. gentle slopes
• Determine drainage patterns from map features and describe how rivers deposit sediments+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the defining characteristics of minerals and how to distinguish them in the field.
• Identify different mineral properties such as hardness, streak, cleavage, fracture, lustre, and colour.
• Learn simple tests to classify minerals using practical field techniques.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Plan a fair test by changing only one variable at a time while keeping other conditions the same.
• Collect and record quantitative results during trials using measurements such as load, time, and displacement.
• Interpret test outcomes to identify failure modes and decide what design change to make next.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain that energy can change form in devices while following the conservation of energy
• Identify input and output energy forms in common examples such as batteries, motors, and bulbs
• Describe common energy losses as heat and how efficiency affects what you observe

Learning Objectives

• Describe how wind erosion moves and removes fine particles from exposed land.
• Explain how moving water erodes land during storms by carrying soil and reshaping streambanks and slopes.
• Compare solutions that reduce wind erosion with solutions that manage water flow and impact.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation causes regular changes in sunlight and darkness.
• Use vocabulary such as axis, rotate, daytime, and nighttime to describe day and night.
• Identify how locations on Earth experience sunrise and sunset at different times.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how Earth's rotation causes day and night.
• Identify patterns of daylight and darkness in the sky.
• Explain the movement of the Sun across the sky.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how light travels in straight lines and how that creates shadows when an object blocks the light
• Predict how the size and position of a shadow change when an object moves, gets larger, or is placed closer to a surface
• Use simple straight-line reasoning to describe how the direction of incoming light affects a shadow’s orientation

Learning Objectives

• Identify the input, mechanism, control, and output parts of a simple technological system.
• Explain how energy moves through a system and how component properties affect how well it works.
• Connect system components to a real-world water-pumping design by choosing suitable materials and mechanisms.

Learning Objectives

• Explain what a life cycle is and why animals go through different stages
• Identify common stages of animal life cycles (such as egg, larva, tadpole, adult)
• Describe how metamorphosis changes an animal’s body form as it develops

Learning Objectives

• Describe how habitat protection, restoration, and habitat creation support species recovery.
• Compare passive protection and active restoration as conservation strategies.
• Explain how protected areas and buffer zones can reduce harm to habitats.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how species richness, relative abundance, and evenness describe biodiversity in a community.
• Identify how introduced and native species can change community composition over time.
• Describe how habitat heterogeneity supports greater biodiversity.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the Sun’s changing position during the day affects shadow direction and length.
• Describe how sunlight hitting an object at different angles changes the shadow shape and extent.
• Use time-of-day observations to connect shadow patterns to Earth’s rotation.

Learning Objectives

• Understand factors that influence population increases or decreases in species.
• Identify both physical and behavioral adaptations that support species survival.
• Explain how environmental conditions affect population dynamics and adaptations.

Learning Objectives

• Identify producers, consumers, and decomposers in simple pond food chains.
• Explain how energy moves through a food chain using arrows.
• Describe how removing one link can affect other species in a food web.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how water depth, soil saturation, and flooding shape wetland communities
• Identify plant and animal adaptations that help organisms live in wetlands
• Compare marshes, swamps, and bogs using dominant vegetation and hydrology+ Show more