Grade 4 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Identify observations that lead to a design problem.
• Write or describe a clear problem statement of what needs to change.
• Connect possible solution ideas to changes in shape, materials, or structure.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how criteria and constraints guide prototype evaluation
• Compare prototype features to criteria while considering constraints
• Use evaluation results to narrow design options

Learning Objectives

• Identify observable traits that support why organisms are placed in specific groups.
• Explain how similarities and differences help justify a classification decision.
• Describe what to do with borderline cases by comparing the strongest separating traits.

Learning Objectives

• Compare life cycles of different organisms by observing stage-by-stage body features, movement, and feeding needs
• Distinguish between complete metamorphosis and gradual development using evidence from observable stages
• Explain how developmental changes help organisms survive as their needs change

Learning Objectives

• Explain how constraints limit design options in science and engineering problems
• Describe common tradeoffs that happen when one requirement conflicts with another
• Use criteria and evidence to choose the best design option that stays within limits

Learning Objectives

• Explain why the Moon’s visible shape changes during a month
• Describe the repeating sequence of lunar phases from the student’s viewpoint on Earth
• Use observations to support a claim about how lunar phases follow a pattern

Learning Objectives

• Explain how choosing consistent measurement methods and units helps make data usable for comparison across trials.
• Identify the responding variable in an investigation and describe which quantity should be recorded each time.
• Use clear criteria to decide what to count and how to record observations so results stay aligned with the claim.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how testing results provide evidence about whether a proposed solution works.
• Describe how recording results clearly helps scientists find patterns across attempts.
• Use data from test outcomes to identify what worked, what failed, and what to improve.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how deposition happens when transporting forces slow down
• Describe how flowing water and wind deposit sediments in different places
• Use sediment thickness to infer how landforms can change over time

Learning Objectives

• Identify the basic resources living things need to survive and function.
• Explain how limiting needs can cause visible changes in organisms.
• Match common survival needs (water, air/gases, food, temperature, shelter) to examples of organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how observable evidence supports a claim in science investigations.
• Identify features of a testable question that can be answered with measurable information.
• Distinguish between observations, claims, and hypotheses in simple scientific thinking.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how recorded test results can show relationships between design changes and performance outcomes.
• Identify patterns in data that suggest which design feature needs revision.
• Use outcome measures (increase/decrease) to support evidence-based refinement decisions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how patterns in tables and charts can be represented with simple models to show relationships.
• Use a model to make predictions and describe where evidence supports the model.
• Identify when a model needs more data because observations do not follow the pattern.

Learning Objectives

• Define the changing variable, responding variable, and fixed conditions in a science investigation.
• Explain why controlled variables help scientists separate cause from coincidence.
• Use a study plan to choose one change at a time while keeping background conditions the same.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation causes day and night
• Describe how the Sun appears to move across the sky during the day
• Use observations (daylight and darkness timing) to support the day/night pattern

Learning Objectives

• Describe how energy moves through an ecosystem using a food chain.
• Identify producers and consumers and explain how they are connected in a food chain.
• Explain how changes in one population can affect other organisms in the chain.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific inquiry uses observations and questions as starting points
• Use evidence from measurements or data to support an explanation
• Describe how scientists revise ideas when new evidence does not match

Learning Objectives

• Explain how observable evidence supports a claim in science investigations.
• Differentiate between a testable question and one that cannot be measured.
• Write or identify a hypothesis that can be supported or challenged with measurable data.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain what a life cycle is and why animals go through different stages
• Identify common stages of animal life cycles (such as egg, larva, tadpole, adult)
• Describe how metamorphosis changes an animal’s body form as it develops

Learning Objectives

• Describe how waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when they reach a boundary between materials
• Use evidence such as changes in intensity, amplitude, and direction to compare different material effects on waves
• Explain how echoes and sound/light paths show wave interaction with surfaces and media+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how environmental changes can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem.
• Describe how habitat conditions (temperature, rainfall, shelter, and food) affect which organisms survive and reproduce.
• Use evidence to connect changes in a habitat to changes in population sizes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the Sun’s changing position during the day affects shadow direction and length.
• Describe how sunlight hitting an object at different angles changes the shadow shape and extent.
• Use time-of-day observations to connect shadow patterns to Earth’s rotation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain why energy decreases at each step of a food chain
• Describe how organisms use energy for life processes and how energy can be lost as heat
• Connect energy loss to why longer food chains usually have fewer top consumers+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain why the Moon appears to change shape over about a month
• Describe how sunlight and the Moon’s position relative to Earth affect which part of the Moon we see
• Use a simple cycle idea to predict how phases progress from one night to the next

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation causes predictable day and night.
• Describe how the Sun appears to move across the sky due to Earth’s turning.
• Use observations (sunrise, sunset, time of daylight) to support the day/night cycle explanation.

Learning Objectives

• Identify what common weather instruments measure, such as temperature, rainfall, wind direction, and wind speed.
• Use correct units when describing weather data, including degrees Celsius, millimeters, and kilometers per hour.
• Explain why consistent measurements over time help compare changing weather conditions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how light travels and how shadows form when objects block light.
• Describe how sound is produced and how it travels through a medium like air.
• Connect changes in distance and barriers to patterns for light and sound, including shadows, delays, and muffling.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how models use evidence-based patterns to support scientific predictions
• Make specific predictions using relationships shown in a model
• Evaluate how observations and measurements can confirm or improve a model+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify mechanisms of energy transfer between objects and across different media (solids, liquids, gases).
• Connect energy transfer to observable changes in motion and to changes in thermal state.
• Use evidence from temperature or motion observations to explain what energy was transferred and how.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mass describes the amount of matter in an object and how it can be compared
• Describe temperature as a measure of how hot or cold something is and relate it to energy transfer
• Use mass and temperature together to better understand everyday changes in matter

Learning Objectives

• Describe the major stages in the life cycle of an animal and a plant
• Explain how evidence from body size, shape, and structures can show life cycle stages
• Compare how life cycle stages meet different needs as an organism grows

Learning Objectives

• Explain how unbalanced forces can change an object’s speed and/or direction
• Describe how friction can slow a moving object down
• Use observations of motion over time to connect net force direction to motion patterns

Learning Objectives

• Explain why organisms are placed into groups by using observable traits as evidence.
• Use classification reasoning to compare similarities and differences between organisms.
• Describe how classifications can change when new traits or evidence are considered.

Learning Objectives

• Explain why repeated observations and measurements increase confidence in scientific conclusions.
• Identify patterns that remain similar across trials and describe how variation can still be normal.
• Use trial data to distinguish likely patterns from random outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main stages of the water cycle: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection
• Explain how solar energy drives the water cycle and how water moves between Earth’s systems
• Use key vocabulary to describe how water changes state (liquid, gas, and ice) during the cycle

Learning Objectives

• Explain how population changes over time can be caused by reproduction, resource limits, predation, disease, and other environmental factors
• Describe how adaptations (physical and behavioral) help organisms survive and persist in changing environments
• Use simple numerical reasoning to connect shifts in species abundance with survival advantages and limiting factors

Learning Objectives

• Identify independent, dependent, and controlled variables in a scientific test
• Explain why controlled factors must be kept constant to reduce alternative explanations
• Use evidence such as measurements and graphs to describe relationships between variables

Learning Objectives

• Explain how simple machines change the direction or size of forces to make tasks easier
• Describe the roles of effort force, output force, and fulcrum in a lever
• Use examples of inclined planes and levers to predict how motion changes

Learning Objectives

• Explain that gravity is a force that pulls objects toward Earth.
• Describe how gravity affects the motion of objects when they are released or supported.
• Identify everyday examples of gravity influencing speed and resting positions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how heating and cooling can change matter between solid, liquid, and gas states
• Identify key terms for state changes, including melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation
• Use temperature and particle movement/arrangement to describe why state changes happen

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the Moon’s visible phases change in a repeating pattern over about a month
• Describe how the Sun, Earth, and Moon positions affect what we see from Earth
• Use observations to support statements about lunar phase progression

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gears transfer motion through meshing teeth and how gear ratios affect rotational speed and torque.
• Describe how gear size, tooth count, and gear order determine output direction and magnitude.
• Compare simple gear trains, idler gears, and compound gear trains for changing speed and mechanical advantage.

Learning Objectives

• Identify producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food chain or food web.
• Explain how energy moves through food chains using arrows.
• Describe how food webs show interdependence and why removing a link can affect many organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Identify thermal, light, sound, and electrical energy and describe how each one can be observed in everyday situations.
• Explain how energy transfers through matter and space using examples of conduction, transmission of light, and sound through air.
• Model and describe electrical energy transfer in simple circuits using the movement of electrons.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how external and internal structures help plants and animals perform life functions.
• Describe how plant structures such as roots, stems, and leaves support obtaining food, transporting materials, and making food.
• Identify animal structures (such as beaks, teeth, limbs, and organs) and match them to their functions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how light interacts with transparent, translucent, and opaque materials.
• Describe how surface and bulk properties affect color, intensity, and heat transfer.
• Use the ideas of transmission, absorption, and scattering to predict everyday phenomena.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how flowing water, wind, and ice can break down and move Earth materials
• Identify how erosion changes landforms over time by transporting material to new locations
• Recognize evidence of erosion such as worn edges and exposed layers

Learning Objectives

• Identify the roles of system components such as a source, mechanism, and control in a simple technological system
• Explain how energy moves through a system and how component properties affect function
• Use system-thinking vocabulary (input, output, control, connector) to describe how a system achieves a goal