Grade 4 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea and key details about rock layers (strata).
• Explain how fossil evidence and layer order help scientists infer past environments.

Learning Objectives

• Identify thermal, light, sound, and electrical energy and describe how each one can be observed in everyday situations.
• Explain how energy transfers through matter and space using examples of conduction, transmission of light, and sound through air.
• Model and describe electrical energy transfer in simple circuits using the movement of electrons.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how pulleys transfer motion to move a load.
• Compare single fixed pulleys with block-and-tackle systems in terms of mechanical advantage and rope distance.
• Explain how compound pulley arrangements and linkages can control motion and direction.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how choosing consistent measurement methods and units improves the usefulness of data.
• Identify the responding variable in a claim and select what should be recorded each trial.
• Use clear criteria to record observations so data from multiple trials can be compared.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how rock layers can preserve evidence from Earth’s past environments.
• Describe how fossils and sediment or layering patterns help scientists infer environmental change over time.
• Use observable features of rocks (layer position and fossil type) to support a claim about the past.

Learning Objectives

• Identify how sand, silt, clay, and loam differ in particle size and texture.
• Explain how soil texture affects permeability and aeration for plant roots.
• Describe how organic matter helps soil structure and nutrient retention.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe minerals as naturally occurring, inorganic solids with characteristic chemical composition and crystal structure.
• Use observable properties such as hardness, cleavage, fracture, streak, lustre, and colour to identify minerals.
• Apply simple field tests to compare mineral properties, including a hardness test and a streak test.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify examples of thermal, light, sound, and electrical energy from everyday situations
• Describe observable effects that show energy is moving
• Explain how heat, light, sound, and electrical energy transfer through matter and space+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how igneous rocks form from magma or lava
• Compare intrusive and extrusive igneous bodies based on cooling rate and crystal size
• Use igneous texture and mineral content to infer a rock’s cooling history and setting+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how forces can change an object’s motion, including starting, slowing, and changing direction.
• Distinguish between contact forces (pushes and pulls) and describe the role of strength and direction.
• Use evidence from a scenario to identify what force is happening and predict the effect on motion.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main stages of the water cycle: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection
• Explain how solar energy drives the water cycle and how water moves between Earth’s systems
• Use key vocabulary to describe how water changes state (liquid, gas, and ice) during the cycle

Learning Objectives

• Explain how vision helps animals move safely.
• Identify details from a text about senses and responses.
• Use evidence from a passage to answer questions about cause and effect.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the basic parts of a simple technological system and their functions.
• Explain how energy moves through a system and how components work together.
• Describe the role of flow, driving force, and material selection in system design.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how sedimentary rock layers (strata) form and how they can be read in order.
• Identify evidence in rock strata such as fossils, buried soil horizons, cross-cutting events, and unconformities.
• Explain how fossils in different layers can show changing environments over time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how slope and screw pitch can reduce the input force needed to move an object
• Compare ramps and screw threads as examples of inclined planes
• Describe how friction and surface contact can limit the mechanical advantage

Learning Objectives

• Identify community roles such as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, decomposers, pollinators, predators, and prey.
• Explain how energy and matter move through a community using trophic functions and feeding modes.
• Describe how decomposers recycle nutrients to help habitats stay stable and resilient.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how wave speed varies in different media such as solids, liquids, and gases.
• Identify how impedance mismatches affect sound transmission and reflection.
• Explain the effects of temperature and medium composition on sound propagation.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how wave patterns can represent information using amplitude, frequency, timing, and pulses
• Identify examples of information transfer that use sound or light pulses
• Compare how signal clarity can change when interference and bandwidth limits affect transmission

Learning Objectives

• Explain how wheel-and-axle and pulley systems can change the direction and size of an applied force
• Compare fixed pulleys and movable pulleys in terms of mechanical advantage and how they affect effort
• Describe how wheel radius and axle radius relate to speed versus force trade-offs+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify biotic and abiotic habitat components and explain how each affects living things
• Distinguish habitat from niche using simple examples such as pond edges and tree canopies
• Describe how shelter, food, water, and space help determine where species are found+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how friction reduces the efficiency of a mechanism by increasing the input force needed.
• Compare ideal mechanical advantage and actual mechanical advantage in real machines.
• Identify materials and surface features that affect wear, lubrication, and long-term performance.

Learning Objectives

• Identify evidence that a chemical change forms a new substance with new properties
• Distinguish physical changes from chemical changes using observations and clues
• Explain why some changes cannot be undone by simply heating or cooling+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how strings, wind columns, and percussion change pitch or frequency
• Explain how vibration, resonance, and excitation relate to loudness
• Compare instrument features using measurable physical ideas like length, tension, and size

Learning Objectives

• Describe how flowing water, wind, and ice can break down and move Earth materials.
• Explain how erosion changes landforms by removing material from one place and depositing it in another.
• Identify evidence of erosion, such as worn edges and exposed layers.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand what makes a question testable through observation and evidence.
• Learn how to develop hypotheses based on patterns observed.
• Identify measurable information to support or challenge claims.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how gears, pulleys, levers, and linkages work together to produce specific force or motion outcomes.
• Identify the design trade-offs involved in combining simple mechanisms, such as torque versus speed or simplicity versus complexity.
• Analyze examples like winches and geared lifts to understand how interface points and sequencing produce desired outputs.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how vibrating objects create compressions and rarefactions in matter
• Explain how frequency and amplitude affect pitch and loudness
• Identify examples of sound transmission in solids, liquids, and gases+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mass describes the amount of matter in an object and how it can be compared
• Describe temperature as a measure of how hot or cold something is and relate it to energy transfer
• Use mass and temperature together to better understand everyday changes in matter

Learning Objectives

• Identify physical and chemical weathering agents and describe their effects on rocks
• Explain how freeze-thaw, abrasion, and plant roots can break rocks into smaller pieces
• Describe how oxidation and dissolution can change rock minerals and help form soil+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how light travels and how shadows form when objects block light.
• Describe how sound is produced and how it travels through a medium like air.
• Connect changes in distance and barriers to patterns for light and sound, including shadows, delays, and muffling.

Learning Objectives

• Compare natural and artificial light sources based on how they produce light.
• Describe how emitted light and reflected light differ when objects are seen.
• Use the idea that light travels in straight lines to predict visibility and beam paths.

Learning Objectives

• Identify producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers in a community
• Explain how energy and matter move through feeding roles over time
• Distinguish pollinators, predators, and prey by their roles in a food relationship+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how force, friction, gravity, electricity, and material properties affect a design’s performance.
• Match scientific ideas to real-world design examples.
• Use scientific vocabulary to complete sentences and questions about simple prototypes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Classify common rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic by observing texture and composition.
• Distinguish grain size, crystal arrangement, and layering/foliation using visible features.
• Explain how texture can record a rock’s formation environment, such as cooling rate or sediment transport.

Learning Objectives

• Identify common system components in a simple technological system, including a source, mechanism, and control or connector.
• Explain how energy moves through a system to produce an output from an input.
• Describe how material and component properties affect how well a system works.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how sound reflection creates echoes in open and enclosed spaces
• Describe how distance to a reflecting surface affects the time between direct and reflected sound
• Compare how soft and hard surfaces influence sound absorption and reverberation+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how observations of a real situation lead to a design problem
• Explain how a design solution can change materials, shape, or structure
• Use evidence from a scenario to choose an effective design approach+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how energy is produced from natural resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, wind, and sunlight.
• Explain how burning fuels and using energy can affect air and water quality and habitats.
• Compare trade-offs between fossil fuels and renewable energy sources using examples.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand what weather describes and the factors that influence it.
• Identify patterns in weather over days and weeks.
• Learn how to record and compare weather data over time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe criteria that show how well a prototype works.
• Identify constraints that limit materials, size, or safety for a prototype.
• Compare prototype features to criteria while following constraints.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the processes of evaporation and condensation.
• Identify everyday examples of evaporation and condensation.
• Describe how temperature influences state changes between liquid and gas.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Generate multiple possible design solutions for a simple problem.
• Compare solutions using measurable and observable criteria such as distance, speed, and stability.
• Use qualitative and quantitative evidence to choose one solution for refinement.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how light propagates as straight rays in the ray model.
• Identify how intersections and extensions of rays determine shadows and illuminated regions.
• Describe how angles of incidence and reflection relate for smooth surfaces.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth’s rotation causes predictable day and night.
• Describe how the Sun appears to move across the sky due to Earth’s turning.
• Use observations (sunrise, sunset, time of daylight) to support the day/night cycle explanation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how predator-prey relationships can change population sizes over time
• Describe how competition for limited resources can affect growth rates and survival
• Identify mutual relationships and use population evidence to infer ecosystem connections

Learning Objectives

• Explain how population size can increase or decrease over generations
• Identify traits and behaviors that can improve survival in a specific environment
• Match examples of limiting factors, predation, and disease to their effects on populations+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food chain.
• Describe how energy moves through an ecosystem from one organism to another.
• Model how decomposers recycle nutrients back into the environment.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how wave frequency relates to pitch and how wave amplitude relates to loudness.
• Describe how changing tension, length, mass per unit length, and air-column conditions can change frequency.
• Identify factors that affect how loud a sound is, such as excitation force, surface area, and coupling.