Grade 9 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of light reactions in thylakoid membranes
• Describe key steps: photon absorption, electron flow, and proton gradient formation
• Explain how water splitting replenishes electrons and releases oxygen

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main function of the respiratory system in gas exchange.
• Identify the main function of the cardiovascular system in transporting gases and nutrients.
• Explain how feedback helps coordinate heart and lung activity to support cellular respiration.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of how the circulatory system transports materials.
• Describe key roles of blood flow in delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing wastes.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a science passage about thermoregulation.
• Use key vocabulary related to maintaining body temperature.
• Explain how a body temperature set point supports feedback control.

Learning Objectives

• Summarize the main idea of adaptive radiation in your own words.
• Identify and use key terms related to ecological niches and speciation.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea about how multiple evidence types support evolutionary inference.
• Describe how fossils, anatomy, and molecular data contribute to explanations of descent with modification.

Learning Objectives

• Define evolution in terms of changes to heritable traits over generations.
• Identify key vocabulary related to evolution: allele, population, selection, drift, mutation, gene flow.
• Explain, using evidence from a text, how allele frequencies can change over time.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how fossil records preserve past life through different types of evidence.
• Identify how evidence from fossils supports claims about the timing of change in Earth’s history.
• Describe at least one factor that can limit what the fossil record shows.

Learning Objectives

• Identify major parts of a phylogenetic tree.
• Interpret what branching patterns suggest about common ancestry.
• Use vocabulary such as rooted, unrooted, ancestor, descendants, and clade to explain tree features.

Learning Objectives

• Explain genetic drift as a random change in allele frequencies.
• Identify key vocabulary including allele and frequency.
• Describe how small populations and chance events can cause allele loss or fixation.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the three core claims of cell theory from a text
• Use evidence from a passage to explain why cells are the basic unit of structure and function
• Explain how cell division supports the idea that new cells come from existing cells

Learning Objectives

• Define speciation and species using key vocabulary
• Identify reproductive isolation as a barrier to interbreeding
• Explain how geographic separation can reduce gene flow

Learning Objectives

• Explain what a scale bar tells you about size in a micrograph.
• Distinguish resolution from magnification when interpreting image details.
• Identify how contrast and staining help reveal cellular structures.

Learning Objectives

• Define biogeochemical cycles and identify the main Earth system reservoirs they involve.
• Explain how fluxes such as photosynthesis, decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and weathering move matter.
• Describe how reservoir size and cycle rate can affect ecosystem responses to change.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a scientific passage about community interactions.
• Use details from the text to explain how species interactions shape community structure.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a science passage about energy flow in ecosystems.
• Use key vocabulary related to producers and how energy begins in food chains.
• Explain how sunlight becomes usable energy for living things.

Learning Objectives

• Explain what magnification means in a microscope image
• Describe resolution and why it matters for seeing fine details
• Identify how contrast and staining affect how specimens look+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea and key details about human impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services.
• Explain how human actions can change habitats and species interactions.
• Describe how changes in biodiversity can affect ecosystem services such as pollination and water purification.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the key ideas in a text about nutrient cycling.
• Explain how major processes move nutrients through ecosystems.
• Use evidence from a passage to answer science questions.

Learning Objectives

• Identify evidence in a text that links endoplasmic reticulum structure to cell function
• Compare how smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum differ in appearance and role
• Use specific vocabulary (organelle, membrane, protein, lipid) to explain structure–function relationships

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a population ecology passage.
• Explain how births, deaths, immigration, and emigration change population size.
• Distinguish density-dependent and density-independent factors using examples from the passage.

Learning Objectives

• Define resistance and key related vocabulary from a science text.
• Identify the main idea and supporting details about how ecosystems respond to disturbance.
• Use evidence from the passage to answer questions about ecosystem stability.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the direction of movement using concentration gradients
• Explain how diffusion and facilitated diffusion move substances across membranes
• Distinguish between simple diffusion and carrier-based facilitated diffusion

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a passage about trophic structure
• Use key vocabulary related to producers, consumers, decomposers, and energy flow

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a passage about protein trafficking.
• Describe how the nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum work together to start protein production.
• Use vocabulary related to organelles and protein synthesis accurately.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main function of the nucleus and ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.
• Use passage details to explain how genetic information leads to protein assembly.
• Connect structure (nucleus, ribosome) to function (gene storage, protein building).

Learning Objectives

• Identify key ideas about how traits, heredity, and environment relate to natural selection
• Define science vocabulary in context, including population, trait, heritable variation, and allele

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea and key vocabulary about ecosystem services.
• Explain how biodiversity supports different ecosystem services.
• Recognize how human actions can affect service delivery.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a text about complex inheritance.
• Explain how multiple genes and the environment can shape observable traits.

Learning Objectives

• Identify key terms related to genetic data analysis.
• Summarize the purpose of analyzing genotype and phenotype data to infer inheritance patterns.

Learning Objectives

• Identify dominant and recessive phenotypes from a simple inheritance cross.
• Explain how a monohybrid cross produces a predictable phenotypic ratio.
• Use evidence from genotype to infer expected outcomes in offspring.

Learning Objectives

• Identify key details about nucleotides as the building blocks of nucleic acids
• Explain basic structural features of DNA and RNA at a Grade 9 level
• Use passage information to answer questions about stability and information flow

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a passage about organelle energy exchange
• Use supporting details to explain how chloroplasts and mitochondria cooperate
• Distinguish key organelle structures and roles in cellular energy transfer

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea of a passage about biotechnology applications.
• Describe key details about common biotech tools and their uses.
• Explain at least one ethical or societal consideration linked to biotech.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how enzymes lower activation energy to speed up reactions
• Use key vocabulary (enzyme, substrate, active site, activation energy, catalyst, transition state)
• Describe how enzyme–substrate specificity depends on protein structure+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify common pedigree symbols and relationships.
• Explain how pedigrees help reveal inheritance patterns across generations.
• Distinguish between affected individuals and carrier status in basic pedigree reasoning.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the sequence of events in gene expression
• Explain how transcription and translation convert genetic information into a polypeptide
• Recognize the roles of mRNA, codons, and tRNA in building proteins

Learning Objectives

• Identify key details about the structure of ATP from an informational text.
• Describe how ATP contains energy-storing phosphate groups.

Learning Objectives

• Identify mutation as a source of genetic variation in a text
• Explain how different kinds of mutations can change genetic information
• Distinguish between mutation increasing diversity and effects that can limit diversity+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify evidence that a chemical reaction occurred by observing new substances forming
• Differentiate types of reactions by using reaction terms and common examples
• Interpret reactants and products in a simple symbolic equation+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify a specific ethical issue related to genetic technologies.
• Support claims with evidence from a text about genetic privacy and consent.
• Explain how control of genetic information affects stakeholders and public trust.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the mass conservation principle for closed chemical reactions
• Identify evidence of constant mass in sealed systems and in particle rearrangements
• Use mass accounting to describe what changes and what stays the same during reactions

Learning Objectives

• Identify key prokaryote cell features described in a text.
• Compare prokaryote and eukaryote cell organization using vocabulary from the passage.
• Use textual evidence to answer statements about nucleoid DNA and organelle membranes.

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish heterogeneous mixtures from homogeneous solutions using uniformity
• Identify solvent, solute, and concentration in everyday examples
• Explain how physical properties can separate components without chemical change

Learning Objectives

• Identify claims about ecological risks and benefits from evidence in a passage
• Explain how gene flow can affect wild populations and why monitoring matters
• Use risk language (uncertainty, likelihood, mitigation) to evaluate ecological trade-offs

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Earth–Moon–Sun geometry creates lunar phases and why the Moon’s orbit makes the pattern repeat.
• Distinguish solar and lunar eclipses and classify partial, total, and annular eclipses using relative alignments.
• Describe the roles of orbital inclination and node alignment in when eclipses can occur.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the cardiovascular system transports oxygen, nutrients, and removes metabolic wastes.
• Describe how heart valves, blood vessels, and blood flow work together to support efficient circulation.
• Relate capillary exchange (filtration and reabsorption) to plasma movement and tissue needs.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation produce ATP.
• Describe how mitochondrial structure supports a proton gradient and ATP synthase activity.
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic pathways and relate them to tissue needs during exertion.+ Show more