Grade 12 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain how natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can change allele frequencies over time
• Distinguish the effects of drift versus gene flow on population genetic variation
• Use mechanisms to interpret patterns of relatedness and diversification among populations

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mutations, recombination, and sexual reproduction generate genetic variation within populations
• Describe how natural selection and differences in survival/reproduction change allele frequencies over time
• Analyze how genetic variation provides raw material for evolutionary change

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mutations, recombination, and chromosomal alterations create genetic variation that can be inherited.
• Differentiate point mutations, insertions, deletions, and structural changes by their effects on alleles and proteins.
• Use Mendelian and polygenic inheritance ideas to predict how traits can vary across generations.

Learning Objectives

• Define and distinguish between codominance, incomplete dominance, and other non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
• Identify different inheritance types based on genetic crosses and phenotypic outcomes.
• Explain how multiple genes influence complex traits and cause variation in phenotypes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how science and technology differ in purpose even when they use similar tools and knowledge.
• Describe how evidence, models, and constraints shape scientific understanding and technological design.
• Evaluate examples of how scientific discoveries can be used to create safer, more effective technologies.

Learning Objectives

• Represent chemical changes using symbolic chemical equations with correct formulas, coefficients, and state symbols.
• Apply the law of conservation of mass to balance equations and determine mole ratios from coefficients.
• Classify chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion) using their patterns.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the fundamental concepts of work and energy
• Learn how force and displacement relate through work
• Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use the mole concept, molar mass, and balanced equations to convert between mass, moles, and particle counts.
• Determine limiting reactants and calculate theoretical and percent yield in stoichiometry problems.
• Apply empirical and molecular formula methods and percent composition to connect composition data to formulas.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main forcings that drive climate variability and change.
• Understand radiative forcing metrics and feedback mechanisms.
• Analyze the role of ocean heat uptake and land-surface alterations in climate dynamics.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the fundamental concepts of reaction rate and collision theory.
• Describe how molecules interact and how factors influence the speed of reactions.
• Familiarize with the concepts of activation energy and rate laws in kinetics.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the key components and structure of formal scientific reports.
• Identify conventions such as structured abstracts, hypothesis alignment, and reproducibility.
• Evaluate the proper use of tables, figures, and citations in scientific writing.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the mole concept and its application in stoichiometry.
• Perform calculations involving molar mass, empirical, and molecular formulas.
• Apply conversions between mass, moles, and particle counts to solve chemical problems.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the sources and mechanisms of genetic variation such as mutations, recombination, and chromosomal alterations.
• Differentiate between Mendelian and polygenic inheritance patterns and their effects on phenotypic variation.
• Describe molecular processes like DNA replication errors and recombination rates that influence heritable variation.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how predation, competition, mutualism, and parasitism influence population dynamics within ecosystems.
• Describe how energy flows through trophic levels and how interactions form food webs.
• Predict how changes in one population can cascade to affect other species and community structure.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the ethical, legal, and social issues related to biotechnology applications.
• Identify key considerations such as biosafety, intellectual property, and ecological risk.
• Analyze regulatory frameworks and public consultation processes affecting biotech deployment.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how constructive and destructive interference arise from phase differences and superposition.
• Describe the role of coherence and path difference in producing stable interference patterns.
• Relate wavelength and aperture size to diffraction effects and resolving power in imaging/spectroscopy.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the principles of wave interference, including constructive and destructive patterns.
• Describe how coherence and phase relationships affect interference phenomena.
• Identify patterns produced in single- and double-slit diffraction and relate them to wavelength and aperture size.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the processes of transcription and translation in gene expression.
• Describe how regulatory elements like promoters, enhancers, and transcription factors influence gene expression.
• Identify the role of epigenetic modifications in controlling gene activity.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the structure and components of formal scientific reports.
• Identify the conventions related to organization, language, and presentation in scientific writing.
• Recognize effective use of figures, tables, and citations within scientific reports.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the mechanisms driving lithospheric dynamics and surface geology.
• Identify the types of plate boundaries and their geological features.
• Describe the evidentiary methods used to study plate motions and Earth's history.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the key components and structure of formal scientific reports.
• Identify proper organization including Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections.
• Apply conventions of proper scientific voice, tense, and citation style.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the key components and structure of formal scientific reports.
• Identify proper conventions for abstracts, introductions, methods, results, and discussions.
• Evaluate the importance of reproducibility, proper citations, and clear data presentation.

Learning Objectives

• Identify how material properties map to engineering functional needs and failure modes in energy systems.
• Evaluate trade-offs among aluminum, steel, and polymer composites using strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and environmental durability.
• Apply reasoning about fatigue, thermal cycling, moisture/chemical degradation, and maintenance risk to material selection decisions.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the representation of chemical changes through symbolic equations.
• Apply the law of conservation of mass to produce balanced chemical equations.
• Classify different types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the principles of wave interference, including constructive and destructive patterns.
• Describe the conditions for coherence and how phase relationships influence interference.
• Analyze diffraction patterns from single and double slits and their dependence on wavelength and aperture size.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mathematical and computational models support interpretation and prediction in Earth systems
• Identify key steps in building, calibrating, validating, and refining models using parameters and boundary conditions
• Evaluate how assumptions, simplifications, and uncertainty affect model predictions+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the principles of constructive and destructive interference of waves.
• Describe the conditions required for wave coherence.
• Analyze how diffraction patterns are influenced by wavelength and aperture size.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the principles of wave interference, including constructive and destructive interference.
• Describe the conditions for coherence and how it affects interference patterns.
• Analyze how wavelength and aperture size influence diffraction and interference phenomena.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the principles of multi-body system constraints and how to formulate constraint equations.
• Apply Newton's laws to analyze internal forces, tensions, and normal forces in pulley and connected-mass systems.
• Use free-body diagrams for each component to derive system accelerations and internal force distributions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the organization and composition of lipid bilayers in cell membranes.
• Describe the roles of membrane proteins in transport and signaling.
• Explain passive and active transport mechanisms across membranes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Use Coulomb’s law to determine the magnitude and direction of the electric force between two point charges.
• Explain the inverse-square dependence of electric force and relate it to how electric fields are mapped in space.
• Apply superposition to find the net electric field or net force from multiple charge sources.

Learning Objectives

• Understand molecular mechanisms controlling gene expression, including transcription and translation.
• Identify roles of promoter architecture, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, alternative splicing, and post-translational regulation.
• Analyze how regulatory networks modulate gene expression in time and space.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe the structure and functions of different organelles involved in cellular compartmentalization.
• Compare the roles of mitochondria, chloroplasts, endomembrane system, and peroxisomes in energy transformation, biosynthesis, and catabolism.
• Explain how organelle structure influences metabolic efficiency and measurable outputs such as ATP production and metabolite distribution.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the principles of gravitational dynamics and Keplerian motion governing orbital trajectories.
• Identify how orbital eccentricity, inclination, and semimajor axis influence planetary and satellite systems.
• Apply formulas for escape velocity, orbital energy, and analyze perturbation effects in orbital systems.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand different types of community interactions such as competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
• Explain how energy flow and trophic relationships shape ecosystems.
• Analyze examples of community interactions in Alberta ecosystems and their effects on biodiversity and stability.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe the differences between dispersion forces, dipole–dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
• Explain how molecular size, shape, and polarity influence intermolecular forces.
• Relate intermolecular forces to macroscopic properties such as boiling point, vapor pressure, viscosity, and solubility.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how cytoskeletal networks and filament dynamics contribute to cell shape and mechanical resilience.
• Describe how membrane–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions regulate force transmission and mechanotransduction.
• Evaluate how intercellular junctions and molecular motor-driven transport influence cellular function and compartmentalization.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the water cycle and its importance to ecosystems.
• Recognize human impacts on water resources and ecosystems.
• Identify conservation strategies to promote water sustainability.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the various evidence types used in integrated geological reconstruction.
• Analyze how stratigraphy, radiometric data, paleomagnetic records, structural relationships, and fossils are synthesized to interpret Earth's history.
• Evaluate the significance of multiple evidence correlation in constraining tectonic and paleoenvironments.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the societal implications of energy choices.
• Analyze case examples related to public health, environment, and economics.
• Evaluate trade-offs among benefits, harms, and distributional effects.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law in terms of changing magnetic flux and the direction of induced emf or current.
• Use quantitative relationships to compare induced emf for different rates of flux change and transformer configurations.
• Apply electromagnetic induction concepts to real-world power systems, including generators, transformers, and safety considerations.

Learning Objectives

• Compare the Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases using correct examples.
• Use conjugate acid–base pairs to explain changes in pH and relate pH to pOH.
• Interpret titration curves and equivalence points and connect them to reaction stoichiometry and equilibria.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy transfer and matter cycling connect the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and cryosphere.
• Interpret radiative balance and albedo effects to predict how changes in Earth’s surface alter climate.
• Analyze hydrologic cycle processes and ocean–atmosphere coupling as mechanisms that drive climate variability and steady states.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how to calculate reaction enthalpies using standard enthalpies of formation and combustion.
• Apply Hess's law to combine enthalpy terms algebraically for complex reactions.
• Estimate reaction enthalpies using bond enthalpies and analyze energetic trends in chemical reactions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the principles of VSEPR theory and how it determines molecular shape.
• Identify various molecular geometries based on electron pair repulsion models.
• Analyze the relationship between molecular shape, bond angles, and polarity.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the key factors that influence changes in population size and structure.
• Identify patterns of population growth, including exponential and logistic models.
• Recognize different types of interactions within ecosystems and their effects on populations.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how nutrients cycle through ecosystems among producers, consumers, and decomposers.
• Explain the concept of energy flow in ecosystems and why it is unidirectional.
• Recognize the role of food webs and trophic levels in energy transfer and biomass distribution.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Apply Ohm’s law to solve for voltage, current, and resistance in circuit scenarios
• Analyze series and parallel circuits using Kirchhoff’s rules and equivalent resistance
• Calculate electrical power and energy transfer in resistive elements and interpret efficiency+ Show more