Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Describe how solids, liquids, and gases differ in structure and properties (lattice arrangement, fluidity, and compressibility).
• Explain phase changes using temperature/pressure changes and energy transfer (heating and cooling).
• Use particle ideas to predict how matter behaves during freezing, melting, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how codominance and incomplete dominance produce phenotypes that reflect combined allele effects.
• Predict outcomes of allele interactions and describe why they differ from simple dominance.
• Analyze how multiple genes influence a phenotype and how recombination affects inheritance probabilities.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how heat transfers through conduction, convection, and radiation using correct scientific terminology.
• Differentiate the roles of particle collisions, bulk fluid movement, and electromagnetic waves in heat transfer.
• Apply heat-transfer concepts to real-world scenarios such as hot drinks, heated rooms, and sunlight warming Earth.

Learning Objectives

• Describe common observable indicators of chemical reactions, such as gas production, heat change, colour shifts, and precipitate formation.
• Connect specific observations to likely reaction pathways and what they may suggest about particles and mass changes.
• Use precise scientific language to record observations and distinguish between qualitative evidence and explanations.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how material properties such as strength, stiffness, density, and durability affect load-bearing design
• Explain how materials behave under compression, tension, and bending and why that matters for long-term performance
• Evaluate material choices for frost and snow resilience in a Canadian prairie climate

Learning Objectives

• Identify and describe common force types: gravitational force, normal force, friction, and tension.
• Explain how forces act on objects to change motion, including objects at rest.
• Determine the net force direction by combining forces as vectors.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain why scientific models are used to represent systems that are too small, too large, or too complex to observe directly.
• Identify different types of scientific models (diagrams, physical replicas, simulations, and mathematical relationships) and match them to their uses.
• Describe how scientists evaluate models using evidence and revise models when new observations disagree.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration affect population size and distribution
• Describe how resource availability and abiotic constraints can limit population growth in ecosystems
• Use examples from different biomes to predict how populations may fluctuate over time+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain density and use density comparisons to predict whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid
• Describe buoyancy as a result of pressure differences in fluids and relate it to displaced fluid volume
• Apply density and buoyancy ideas to real-world situations such as ships, hot air balloons, and floating objects

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy is conserved during energy conversions in real systems
• Describe why some energy becomes less useful as thermal energy during conversions
• Calculate or reason about efficiency using useful output and total input energy+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how measurable data can support a scientific claim.
• Distinguish direct observations from interpretations in evidence-based reasoning.
• Use units, scales, and comparable methods to evaluate the reliability of conclusions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the purpose of ethical review in research and how it supports public trust and participant safety.
• Identify common research-integrity issues (conflicts of interest, data mismanagement, authorship problems) and their consequences.
• Apply ethical principles to situations involving reproducibility, transparent reporting, peer review, and anomalous or negative results.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy transfers from producers to consumers in a food chain.
• Identify producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and higher trophic levels.
• Interpret food chain arrows to determine who eats whom.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how El Niño and La Niña relate to changes in ocean temperatures in the tropical Pacific.
• Describe how altered sea surface temperatures can influence evaporation, cloud formation, and wind circulation.
• Use evidence from precipitation and wind trends to connect ocean changes to broader climate impacts.

Learning Objectives

• Construct phylogenetic trees from morphological characters and molecular sequence data using cladistic principles.
• Interpret branching diagrams by identifying shared derived characters, sister taxa, and implied evolutionary relationships.
• Compare tree-building approaches (parsimony and molecular distance) and explain how molecular clocks calibrate time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Apply conservation of energy to systems that include friction, springs, and gravity
• Use quantitative relationships to calculate final speeds or heights after energy losses
• Identify when conservation of mechanical energy is valid and when non-conservative work must be included

Learning Objectives

• Explain how temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts affect reaction rates using collision theory and activation energy.
• Interpret qualitative cause-and-effect relationships between rate factors and observable real-world changes.
• Apply rate-factor concepts to describe how industrial and environmental conditions can speed up or slow down chemical reactions.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how promoters, enhancers, and transcription factors regulate transcription initiation and the activity of RNA polymerase.
• Describe how alternative splicing and RNA interference change the final mRNA (and thus protein) outcomes after transcription.
• Compare how DNA methylation and histone modifications affect chromatin accessibility and long-term gene expression.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mixtures form when substances combine without creating new substances
• Distinguish solutions from other mixtures using solute, solvent, and particle ideas
• Differentiate physical changes from chemical changes using evidence at the particle level+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain what power and efficiency mean in electrical and everyday systems
• Identify common energy loss mechanisms and how they affect delivered energy
• Use device specifications to compare efficiency and estimate impacts on cost and emissions

Learning Objectives

• Explain how active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient using cellular energy and membrane proteins.
• Describe the sodium-potassium pump and its role in maintaining electrochemical gradients for nerve and muscle function.
• Compare active transport with passive diffusion and identify examples of vesicular transport (endocytosis and exocytosis).

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the phospholipid bilayer provides selective permeability through hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
• Describe the roles of integral and peripheral membrane proteins in transport, signaling, and structural support.
• Connect membrane components (cholesterol and carbohydrate chains) to changes in fluidity and cell recognition.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain momentum as a vector quantity and use it to analyze isolated systems.
• Apply conservation of momentum to collisions using equal and opposite forces/impulses.
• Distinguish elastic and inelastic collisions in terms of kinetic energy and internal energy changes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces using the idea of net force.
• Predict how an object’s speed and/or direction changes when forces do or do not cancel out.
• Connect the direction of the net force to the observable change in motion.

Learning Objectives

• Define carrying capacity and explain why it is context-dependent
• Identify factors that increase or decrease carrying capacity in real ecosystems
• Use population dynamics ideas (overshoot, crash, oscillation) to predict outcomes+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how fossil records provide evidence for evolutionary change over geologic time.
• Use comparative anatomy and biogeography to infer relationships among species.
• Describe how DNA sequence comparisons support common ancestry.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how temperature, pressure, moisture, and wind interact to produce weather patterns
• Describe how phase changes of water vapor contribute to cloud formation and precipitation
• Analyze how heat transfer methods (radiation, conduction, convection) drive large-scale atmospheric circulation

Learning Objectives

• Explain what physical properties are and how they can be measured to help identify substances.
• Describe density, solubility, melting point, and boiling point and use these ideas to predict comparisons.
• Use electrical conductivity and hardness as observable physical properties when sorting materials.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how genes and alleles contribute to inherited traits.
• Describe how offspring get combinations of alleles from each parent.
• Use evidence from a trait pattern to make predictions about possible inherited outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how physical and chemical weathering change rocks at Earth’s surface.
• Describe erosion as the transport of weathered material by wind, water, ice, and gravity.
• Compare deposition and lithification and how they lead to new sedimentary rock.

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate between mass and weight and explain how weight changes with gravity.
• Describe how gravity affects the motion of falling objects near Earth.
• Use evidence from comparing objects with different masses to support ideas about net force and motion.

Learning Objectives

• Translate distance–time and speed–time data into motion graphs and interpret what the graph shows.
• Explain how slope relates to rate of change in motion graphs and how to find average speed from distance–time graphs.
• Use graphs to estimate instantaneous speed and to compare two motions using quantitative evidence.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how human activities affect biodiversity through habitat change, pollution, resource extraction, invasive species, and greenhouse gas emissions.
• Describe how changes in species diversity can alter ecosystem services such as pollination, water purification, and soil formation.
• Evaluate human impacts by linking changes in habitats and communities to ecosystem functioning and possible socioecological feedbacks.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how decomposers (such as fungi and bacteria) break down dead matter into simpler substances.
• Describe how decomposition returns nutrients to the environment and supports producer growth.
• Identify ways decomposition prevents nutrients from becoming locked in dead organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Explain mechanical advantage as a ratio that compares input force to load force (or input distance to load distance).
• Calculate and interpret mechanical advantage for levers and pulley systems, including how they affect force and displacement.
• Describe trade-offs between force reduction and increased movement distance in common machines.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem and give examples of each
• Explain how energy flows from primary producers to consumers through feeding relationships
• Describe how abiotic factors influence growth, reproduction, and survival of organisms+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Evaluate trade-offs in allocating renewable and nonrenewable resources using sustainability criteria
• Apply water budgeting and energy portfolio thinking to predict long-term resource reliability
• Use lifecycle assessment and carrying-capacity constraints to compare waste-handling strategies

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy transfers through conduction, convection, and radiation using everyday examples
• Compare how energy moves in solids, liquids, and gases for each transfer mechanism
• Describe how energy can transform from one form to another (chemical, electrical, thermal, light)+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the direction of net force determines the direction of acceleration
• Use vector addition to predict how multiple forces combine into a single net effect
• Relate force diagrams to observed changes in velocity, including speeding up, slowing down, and turning

Learning Objectives

• Explain the difference between ecological restoration and mitigation and why both aim to re-establish ecological function and connectivity.
• Describe common restoration approaches used in Alberta contexts, including habitat reclamation, riparian buffer creation, soil amendment, and species reintroductions.
• Identify how adaptive management and monitoring metrics are used to track recovery and adjust restoration actions over time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Calculate and interpret work done by a force using the relationship between force, displacement, and direction.
• Explain how power describes the rate of energy transfer and compare situations using work and power.
• Apply work-energy and power concepts to real-world examples such as lifting loads and comparing machines.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gravity from the Moon and Sun causes ocean tides through differences in gravitational pull across Earth.
• Describe how the geometry of the Earth–Moon–Sun system produces predictable tidal cycles over a lunar day.
• Analyze how changing alignments affect the size of tides (spring vs. neap tides).

Learning Objectives

• Explain how reflection, refraction, interference, and absorption affect electromagnetic radiation in devices.
• Analyze how wavelength and wave behavior influence imaging resolution and sensor detection.
• Use radiation interaction principles to justify design choices in communication and optical sensing systems.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how ATP synthase uses a proton electrochemical gradient to drive ATP production.
• Describe the roles of the F0 and F1 subunits in proton flow and catalytic rotation.
• Interpret how membrane potential and proton pumping are linked to redox-driven energy conversion.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gravitational force depends on mass and distance and how that dependence affects motion.
• Describe orbital motion as continual free-fall with changing direction.
• Use inverse-square reasoning to compare gravitational acceleration at different distances.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how primary productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling influence energy flow and ecosystem turnover.
• Describe biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus and how they connect organisms to the atmosphere, soils, and hydrosphere.
• Apply Alberta-specific ecosystem examples to predict how land-use change and climate variability affect productivity and resilience.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy is converted and conserved across mechanical motion and electrical circuits in integrated systems.
• Analyze work-energy and kinematic relationships to predict changes in speed, height, or motion in real technologies.
• Use electromagnetic conversion ideas to trace energy flow from generators or motors to usable electrical power, including losses.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how mitochondria convert energy in cells through cellular respiration to produce ATP.
• Describe the roles of electron transport chains and membrane gradients in ATP synthesis.
• Relate mitochondrial structure (like inner membrane folds) to its function in energy conversion.+ Show more